A HYDROGEOMORPHIC DYNAMICS APPROACH TO ASSESS IN-STREAM ECOLOGICAL FUNCTIONALITY USING THE FUNCTIONAL FLOWS MODEL, PART 1-MODEL CHARACTERISTICS

摘要

The functional flows model integrates hydrogeomorphic processes and ecological functions for stream physical habitat evaluations. Functional flows are discharge values that serve ecological uses. Assessments of functional flows are based on evaluation of shear stress dynamics. The analysis is based on the occurrence of sediment transport regimes defined by threshold values of Shields stress estimated from discharge (Q), a parameter (f) governing depth response to incremental discharge changes, water surface slope (S) and media grain size (D_50). As an example, the model was tuned for fall-run Chinook salmon spawning. Ecological functions studied were bed occupation (spawning, incubation and emergence) and bed preparation (river bed reworking periods)-both reliant on shear stress dynamics. A numerical experiment and sensitivity analysis using a wide range of realistic values of input variables indicated the effect of each variable on flow functionality. Combinations of S = 0.001, 0.005 and 0.01, D_50 = 0.02,0.05,0.1 m,f= 0.2,0.3,0.4,0.5 and four sediment transport stages produced 144 scenarios. Ranges of functional flows were greater for scenarios for low f(0.2) with low slope (0.001,0.05), for high f(0.5) with small grain size (0.02m) and for intermediate low f(0.3) with coarse grain size (0.1 m). The functional flows model incorporates in-stream habitat processes by including metrics of hydrologic, hydraulic, geomorphic and ecologic dynamics. Model uncertainties related to input data, calculation algorithms, and model structure are analysed. Functional flows analysis can be useful in studying water management alternatives to improve habitat conditions for target species and lifestages.