SYNTHESIS OF β-HALOACIDS BY RADIATION

摘要

Hydrogen halides add to alkenes yielding the corresponding haloalkane. The addition of HX ordinally follows the course of Markownikoff's rule. In this paper we analyze the HBr addition reaction to unsaturated carboxylic acids. The course of the addition is anti-Markownikoff. This implies that the reaction goes through free radical mechanism and the haloacid formed is in the β-position. The acids under study are fumaric, itaconic, citraconic acids and the methyl ester of fumaric acid. The β-haloacids formed are easily purified from the bulk solutions.