How can we prevent cancer?

摘要

Cancer is a genetic disease caused by a multistep process involving activa- tion of oncogenes, loss of function of tumor suppressor genes, and alterations of modifier genes, for example, genes involved in DNA repair and genomic stability. Thus, most human tumors carry alterations in multiple genes affecting cell proliferation, cell survival, and genomic stability. In malignant diseases of the hematopoietic system and in soft tissue sarcomas, the process often is ini- tiated by the activation of an oncogene, for example c-MYC in Burkitt lym- phoma (1) or BCL2 in follicular lym- phoma (2).