Electronic phase diagram of high-temperature copper oxide superconductors

摘要

In order to understand the origin of high-temperature super-conductivity in copper oxides, we must understand the normal state from which it emerges. Here, we examine the evolution of the normal state, electronic excitations with temperature and carrier concentration in Bi_2Sr_2CaCu_2O_(8+δ) using angle-resolved photo-emission. In contrast to conventional superconductors, where there is a single temperature scale T_c separating the normal from the superconducting state, the high-temperature superconductors exhibit two additional temperature scales. One is the pseudogap scale T*, below which electronic excitations exhibit an energy gap. The second is the coherence scale T_(coh), below which sharp spectral features appear due to increased lifetime of the excitations. We find that T* and T_(coh) are strongly doping dependent and cross each other near optimal doping. Thus the highest superconducting T_c emerges from an unusual normal state that is characterized by coherent excitations with an energy gap.