屋外生活空間における空間形態や構成材料の違いを考慮した放射環境の数値解析

摘要

近年，夏季における熱中症患者の増加などが見られ，屋外空間に おける熱的快適性の向上が社会的な課題となっている。屋外空間の 熱環境の形成には，気象などの影響もさることながら都市の空間形 態や構成材料も大きな影響をもたらすため，屋外の熱環境を考慮し た都市開発・建築設計が求められている。%The object of this paper was to calculate a distribution of Mean Radiant Temperature taking solar radiation into account (MRT) in urban living space and to examine the thermal influence of urban/building design on MRT distribution. The calculation method was developed which allow predicting an MRT considering thermal influence of urban/ building design to reproduce spatial forms and materials of building and ground. And the MRT was calculated considering radiance distribution of sky radiation and atmospheric radiation, and multi-reflected solar radiation. Considering sky radiance distribution, MRT distribution in medium-rise building block was calculated more precisely. As a result of calculation of MRT in actual urban block, reflected solar radiation and long wave radiation from pavement formed complex MRT distribution. Then MRT distribution was computed on condition that the pavement (solar reflectance 0.1) was change into cool pavement (solar reflectance 0.6) in actural urban area. The radiation field in cool pavement became worse because the increased budget of solar radiation for cool pavement was twice than the decreased budget of long wave radiation.