コンジョイント分析を適用した地球温暖化対策及びヒートアイランド対策の 社会的価値の計測に関する調査研究

摘要

A systematical field survey applied Conjoint Analysis (CA) concerned on two specified social issues; global warming and heat island problems is conducted. We applied the so-called web-site survey to secure both quantity and quality of a series of acquired data sets. Both obtained Marginal Willing to Pay (MWTP) for the global warming and heat island issues seems plausible. Interestingly, it is observed an evident tendency that younger subjects incline to pay more than older subjects, which implies younger people paying much attention to the environmental issues. We found that the level range of payment in a questionnaire significantly affects MWTP, which means how design a payment range would bring considerable bias in some cases. Also a principle problem whether a subjects payment was questioned by explicit as a form of additional payment to the public or implicit as a form of re-allocation of already-collected tax from the people, is observed significantly influential in the MWTP. The result also suggests that three-choice type CA seems better than pairwise type CA to obtain plausible MWTP when a questionnaire relates to a certain ideal issue that is difficult for subjects to understand its trade-off structure in proper way.%近年、地球温暖化に代表される環境問題は国際的な緊急的課題と なっており、国民の関心度も高まっている中で、二酸化炭素排出量 の削減やエネルギー消費量の削減等の環境対策が行政、事業者等の 各主体の連携により進められている。地球温暖化は、特定の事業や 事業所に起因する局所的な生活環境問題（例えば大気汚染、騒音・ 振動、水質汚濁）とは異なり、様々な社会経済活動が複雑に起因す る広域的な現象である。このような問題に対して各種対策を効果 的・効率的に進めていくには、現状における環境負荷軽減に向けた 円滑な環境施策の展開が重要であるとともに、これらが持続的に作 用する社会経済システムの構築の促進が重要である。