The idea of operating in-circuit test as part of the surface mount technology line is not new. Options available to volume manufacturers include modifying ICT systems with bridge handlers to receive printed circuit board assemblies from the input line to the tester. Others link test units to increase throughput. Conventional inline ICT may be serving its purpose to automate necessary board tests, but end-users still feel common pain points. These include the cost of implementing such systems, the sheer bulk of such automated systems occupying premium shop floor space, and the challenge of dealing with multiple equipment maintenance parties. The latter can be especially trying in cases where handlers are provided by third-party automation specialists. Line downtime equates with monetized loss of productivity. Time and energy wasted on pinpointing the ownership of fault repair responsibilities for such integrated solu- tions only adds to the burden.
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