n nnnHorizontal gene transfer (HGT) describes the transmission ofgenetic material across species boundaries and is an importantevolutionary phenomenon in the ancestry of many microbes. Therole of HGT in plant evolutionary history is, however, largelyunexplored. Here, we compare the genomes of six plant specieswith those of 159 prokaryotic and eukaryotic species and identify1689 genes that show the highest similarity to correspondinggenes from fungi. We constructed a phylogeny for all 1689 genesidentified and all homolog groups available from the rice (Oryzasativa) genome (3177 gene families) and used these to define14 candidate plant-fungi HGT events. Comprehensive phylogeneticanalyses of these 14 data sets, using methods that account forsite rate heterogeneity, demonstrated support for nine HGT events,demonstrating an infrequent pattern of HGT between plants andfungi. Five HGTs were fungi-to-plant transfers and four wereplant-to-fungi HGTs. None of the fungal-to-plant HGTs involvedangiosperm recipients. These results alter the current viewof organismal barriers to HGT, suggesting that phagotrophy,the consumption of a whole cell by another, is not necessarilya prerequisite for HGT between eukaryotes. Putative functionalannotation of the HGT candidate genes suggests that two fungi-to-planttransfers have added phenotypes important for life in a soilenvironment. Our study suggests that genetic exchange betweenplants and fungi is exceedingly rare, particularly among theangiosperms, but has occurred during their evolutionary historyand added important metabolic traits to plant lineages.展开▼
机译:ABSTRACTn FONT> TH> TR> TABLE> n
n TOP n <字体颜色= 464c53>抽象 FONT> n 介绍 n 结果 n 讨论 n 方法 n 参考文献 n FONT> TH> TR> TABLE> n nnn水平基因转移(HGT)描述了 SUP>跨物种边界的物质是许多微生物起源中的重要 SUP>进化现象。但是,在植物进化史中,HGT的 SUP>角色在很大程度上尚未得到 SUP>的探索。在这里,我们比较了6种植物 SUP>和159种原核和真核生物的基因组,并鉴定了与相应 SUP>相似性最高的 SUP> 1689个基因。真菌的基因。我们为鉴定的所有1689个基因 SUP>以及从水稻( Oryza SUP> sativa I>)基因组(3177个基因家族)获得的所有同系物构建了系统进化树,并使用了这些定义了 SUP> 14个候选植物真菌HGT事件。使用解释 SUP>站点速率异质性的方法对这14个数据集进行了全面的系统发育 SUP>分析,证明了对九种HGT事件的支持, SUP>证明了一种罕见的模式植物与 SUP>真菌之间的HGT的关系。五个HGT是真菌向植物的转移,四个是 SUP>植物向真菌的HGT。真菌至植物的HGT均不涉及 SUP>血管的受精者。这些结果改变了当前对HGT的机体障碍的看法 SUP>,这表明吞噬营养( SUP>被另一个细胞消耗的整个细胞)不一定是 SUP> a真核生物之间HGT的前提条件。 HGT候选基因的推定功能性 SUP>注释表明,两种真菌到植物的 SUP>转移增加了对土壤 SUP>环境中的生命重要的表型。我们的研究表明, SUP>植物与真菌之间的遗传交换极为罕见,尤其是在 SUP>瘤子之间,但发生在它们的进化史上 SUP>,并且增加了重要意义。植物谱系的代谢特性。 SUP>
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