Operators invest heavily in energy-delivering systems such as pipelines in order to ensure that demands of the global energy industry are met in a safe and reliable way. A pipeline has integrity when it reduces the chance of failure during operation and maintenance, and minimizes the consequential risks to people, environment and the pipeline operators. Valve integrity plays a major role in guaranteeing the overall viability of the pipeline. Valve leakage is a credible threat that can be costly to operators. Not only is there the cost resulting from repairing the valve, but also lost profit due to pipeline downtime and legal repercussions for environmental damage.
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