Minimal entangled states and modular matrix for fractional quantum Hall effect in topological flat bands

摘要

We perform an exact diagonalization study of the topological order in topological flat band models through calculating entanglement entropy and spectra of low-energy states. We identify multiple independent minimal entangled states, which form a set of orthogonal basis states for the ground-state manifold. We extract the modular transformation matrices S (U) which contain the information of mutual (self) statistics, quantum dimensions, and the fusion rule of quasiparticles. Moreover, we demonstrate that these matrices are robust and universal in the whole topological phase against different perturbations until the quantum phase transition takes place.