Approaches to the Rational Design of Molecularly Imprinted Polymers Developed for the Selective Extraction or Detection of Antibiotics in Environmental and Food Samples

摘要

The World Health Organisation (WHO) reported antimicrobial resistance (AMR)as a global threat comparable to terrorism and climate change. The use ofantibiotics in veterinary or clinical practice exerts a selective pressure, whichaccelerates the emergence of antimicrobial resistance. Therefore, there is a clearneed to detect antibiotic residues in complex matrices, such as water, food, andenvironmental samples, in a fast, selective, cost-effective, and quantitativemanner. Once problematic areas are identified, can extraction of the antibioticsthen be carried out to reduce AMR development. Molecularly imprinted polymer(MIPs) are synthetic recognition elements produced through the biomarker ofinterest being used as a template in order to manufacture tailor-made ligandselective polymeric recognition sites. They are emerging steadily as a viablealternative to antibiotics, especially given their low-cost, superior thermal andchemical stability that facilitates on-site detection, simplified manufacturingprocess, and avoiding the use of animals in the production process. In this paper,the authors critically review literature from primarily 2010–2020 on rationaldesign approaches used to develop MIPs for sensing and extraction of antibiotics,providing an outlook on crucial issues that need to be tackled to bring MIPsfor antibiotic sensing to the market.