Encryption is one of the fundamental elements of system security, so it's no surprise that Windows Vista includes encryption as part of the operating system (although not in the Home editions). In fact, the Encrypting File System (EFS) has been around since way back in Windows 2000, as a feature built right into the NT file system (NTFS), on which Vista, XP, and Win2K have all been based. In the Enterprise and Ultimate editions, Vista provides an additional security system, BitLocker, which combined with EFS provides a rich encryption package (although BitLocker is designed especially with laptop users in mind). But here we'll just stick with EFS.
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