Bone mineral density in Klinefelter syndrome is reduced and primarily determined by muscle strength and resorptive markers, but not directly by testosterone

摘要

Summary Klinefelter syndrome (KS) patients have lower bone mineral density (BMD) at the spine, hip and forearm compared to healthy subjects, but frank osteoporosis is not common. Muscle strength and bone markers predicted BMD but KS itself and serum testosterone did not. Low vitamin D and high PTH were frequent among KS.