Considerations on energy confinement time scalings using present tokamak databases and prediction for ITER size experiments

摘要

The prediction of the thermal energy confinement time, τ_th, for ITER size experiments is based on power law scalings obtained using data sets of present tokamak results in specific regimes, the most relevant being the ELMy H mode regime. A thorough statistical approach has provided a best fit to these data with an estimation of the error bars which forms the basis for the ITER EDA design parameters. In this article the range of variation of the main parameters in the database are studied individually and it is observed in particular that τ_th depends linearly on the combined variable a_KB. Taking advantage of this linear dependence and of the dependence on the plasma current, it is shown that the four variables aKB, n, P* = PL/V and q_eng, or equivalently I, ε, n and p*, are good parameters which provide a simple fit to the data, namely: τ_th = 0.0307 (aKB)n~(1/2)/(P*~(2/3) q_eng) = 2π×10~(-3) In~(1/2)/(εP*~(2/3), which satisfies the high-β or Kadomtsev constraint. This fit is as good as the best log--linear fit, using the eight variables I, B, R, ∈, P, k, M and n, over the full set of devices used in the databank and it yields the same prediction for the ITER EDA confinement time. It turns out that the simple best fit used is a gyro-Bohm scaling. It is also shown that small changes in the density, n and P* exponents can give a Bohm-like scaling, which is less accurate and pessimistic, but can be used as a lower bound prediction. The use of this simple scaling law is illustrated by a proposal to slightly reduce the size and magnetic field of the ITER EDA design, while taking advantage of the favourable dependence of τth on k.