Le naturalisme néo-hellénique : influences et rapports avec le naturalisme français

摘要

At the end of the 19th century in Greece, to a greater extent than in France, a need for a change in literature emerges. Naturalism appers as a reaction to the romanticism movement. The authors of this period reject the lengthy narration and praise national character and their individual experiences in their work. Moreover, the magazines in which they prefer to publish their short stories favor the transition from the novel to the novelette, while Nikolaos Politis paves the way to ethography. Even if we cannot talk yet of naturalims - in Greece, neohellenic literature in this period unambiguously shows a tendency toxards realism. From this point on, naturalism will appear in Greece in some works of some authors, the most innovative ones, which during the course of their work were not characterized as naturalists. Above all, the thematic, the style, the tone and the way they see things are shared by some authors such as Michael Mitsakis, Andreas Karkavitsas, Gregorios Xenopoulos, Konstantinos Theotokis and Kostas Hatzopoulos. These authors reacted irrespective of Schools and literary movements, however, their work may allow us to assert that it fulfills certain criteria of the French naturalism and to compare it with the work of Zola. This is due to the fact that naturalism is in no way a School with strict and stable features, but rather an animate literary system, ready to change appearance according to place and time. In the Greek naturalists' work there are also denunciations equally worthy of those of Zola, but apart from any influences, it can be argued that naturalists in this period react in the same way, irrespective of borders and intentions. Because, if it is true that naturalism was a French School with one theory and one leader, it certainly existed as an international literary movement as well.