Synthesis, assembly and applications of semiconductor nanomembranes

摘要

纳米膜是可用于电子领域的一类激动人心的新材料。它们是单晶二维结构，厚度不到几百纳米。与薄膜不同的是，纳米膜是独立存在的，能与基质分开。它们的几何形状使其特别适合于用现有技术来与电子器件集成。在这篇Review文章中，作者对合成过程中所存在的挑战、多层组装程序及半导体纳米膜在电子和光电子中的应用进行了综述，既涉及可以减小至纳米膜的无机半导体材料，又涉及可以作为石墨烯替代品的二维有机碳结构。%Research in electronic nanomaterials, historically dominated by studies of nanocrystals/fullerenes and nanowires/ nanotubes, now incorporates a growing focus on sheets with nanoscale thicknesses, referred to as nanomembranes. Such materials have practical appeal because their two-dimensional geometries facilitate integration into devices, with realistic pathways to manufacturing. Recent advances in synthesis provide access to nanomembranes with extraordinary properties in a variety of configurations, some of which exploit quantum and other size-dependent effects. This progress, together with emerging methods for deterministic assembly, leads to compelling opportunities for research, from basic studies of two-dimensional physics to the development of applications of heterogeneous electronics.