Der Naturpark Lonjsko polje - angewandter Naturschutz zwischen Ökosystemschutz und Erhalt organisch gewachsener Kulturlandschaft

摘要

Der Naturpark Lonjsko polje (Kroatien) repräsentiert mit seiner Lage am Mittellauf eines großen Flusses, den Hartholzauen und einem Mosaik von natürlichen und sekundären Lebensräumen eines der vollständigsten Auenökosysteme in der westlichen Paläarktis. Hudewirtschaft und Waldmast der Save-Niederung stellen ein einmaliges, über lange Zeit nahezu unverändertes Landnutzungssystem dieser Art dar. Auf Grund seines Eigenwerts als Auenökosystem sind von der Naturparkverwaltung neue Schutzansätze entwickelt worden, die Folgendes erreichen: den Schutz des Auenökosystems und den Erhalt der kulturellen Werte durch die Sicherung ökologischer sowie kultureller Schlüsselprozesse, die Schaffung einer so genannten Dispersionszone als Antwort auf das veraltete Konzept der Pufferzone, Versatilität in der Naturschutzarbeit und die Bestimmung eines als Integritätsphäre über die Schutzgebietsgrenzen hinausreichenden Raums.%The British Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB) began implementing a nature conservation strategy at the beginning of this century that is new, at least for Anglo-Saxon countries: in the past the conservation and management of protected areas was the main focus of nature conservation, supported by conservation measures in the wider landscape, i. e.rnmainly through agricultural and forestry policy outside protected areas. Today more and more 'Futurescapes' are being developed. The term 'Futurescapes' describes an initiative aiming to achieve nature conservation objectives in a distinct given area through voluntary cooperation between a range of stakeholders building on compliance with national and international legislation (EU Birds and Habitats Directives, EU Water Framework Directive etc.). The first 34 Futurescapes have already been identified and described by the RSPB and the implementation of measures has started.rnFuturescapes have a lot in common with biosphere reserves and nature parks, for example in Brandenburg /Germany. However, in contrast to biosphere reserve and nature parks, Futurescapes are not a statutory site conservation category promoted by public authorities. Futurescapes are initiated and implemented by a private nature conservation organisation, which has no legal rights in this respect, so that any activities in Futurescapes which go beyond legal requirements can only be implemented on a voluntary basis. Protected areas are an integral part of Futurescapes. Nature conservation in Anglo-Saxon countries is traditionally characterised by a clear divide between production land and protected areas. In Futurescapes, however, the RSPB aims to follow an integrated approach, which is new in Great Britain. The future will show whether this new strategy is successful and will lead to a halt in the loss of biodiversity by 2020. An exchange of experience between English and German conservationists could be very fruitful.