Carbon dioxide (CO_2) is the primary greenhouse gas emitted into the planet's atmosphere from fossil fuel combustion. According to the International Energy Agency (Paris, France), "Carbon capture and storage, or CCS, is a family of technologies and techniques that enable the capture of carbon dioxide (CO_2) from fuel combustion or industrial processes, the transport of CO_2 via ships or pipelines, and its storage underground, in depleted oil and gas fields and deep saline formations."The CO_2, which is separated from industrial process emissions prior to being released into the atmosphere, is captured and usually compressed into a supercritical state (supercritical CO_2 or sc-CO_2) before long-distance transport by pipeline to its storage destination in deep underground geologic formations.
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