In the present economic climate, it is often the case that profits can only be improved, or for that matter maintained, by improving efficiency and cutting costs. This is particularly notorious in the shipping business, where it has been seen that the competition is getting tougher among carriers, thus alliances and partnerships are resulting for cost effective services in recent years. In this scen- ario, effective planning methods are important not only for strategic but also operating tasks, covering their entire transportation systems. C
展开▼
机译：在当前的经济形势下，通常只能通过提高效率和削减成本来提高利润，或者就此而言维持利润。这在航运业尤其臭名昭著，在航运业中，已经看到承运人之间的竞争越来越激烈，因此近年来结成联盟和建立伙伴关系以提供具有成本效益的服务。在这种情况下，有效的计划方法不仅对于战略任务而且对于涵盖整个运输系统的运营任务也很重要。 C
展开▼
