Compromised or Savvy? Achievable Norms in Urban Design

摘要

Theories of urban design often propose what is good. The various 'isms'-Modernism, New Urbanism, Landscape Urbanism-are replete with charters and pronouncements of this type. Good urban design is also a theme in a wide range of more general texts from Lang to Lynch, Alan Jacobs to Jane Jacobs. Carmona's new place-shaping continuum tries a different approach,proposing a theory of achievable urban design. Given the typical range of people involved in initiating, funding, regulating, building, using and managing urban design outputs, who has most influence over completed projects and at what stages? Where are the key points of intervention-including but going far beyond initial design ideas?