Numerical values of individual activity coefficients of single-ion species in concentrated aqueous electrolyte solutions and the attempt of a qualitative interpretation on a model of electrostatic interaction

摘要

Individual activity coefficients of single-ion species can be achieved by the factorizing of a new concentration function for the mean activity coefficient to the required power applying a purely mathematical method. These single-ion activity coefficients, calculated in this manner, are listed for some aqueous strong electrolytes. The reasons for the magnitude and variation of the activity coefficients as a function of the concentration are, without a doubt, of complex nature. Activity coefficients have their meaning as practical values. In relation to the analytical concentration, the individual activity coefficients represent the macroscopic effectiveness of the single-ion species in solution an easy manner. However, with increasing deviations from Debye–Hückel conditions of an infinitely diluted electrolyte solution, a physically correct interpretation of the macroscopically visible activity coefficient is becoming more and more difficult, if not impossible to find. On the basis of a model of electrostatic interaction, an attempt has been made to create a qualitative interpretation of the individual ion activity coefficients in concentrated aqueous electrolyte solutions which were calculated applying the purely mathematical method by Ferse.