Temporality and Atemporality in the Language of Biblical Poetry

Tania Notarius

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Temporality and Atemporality in the Language of Biblical Poetry

机译：圣经诗歌语言中的临时性与非临时性

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In this paper I claim that, in spite of the tenseless character of the verbal inflection in BH, the temporal interpretation of verbal statements in a poetic text is possible as in any other type of discourse, if we systematically assess the rendering of deictic, anaphoric and sequential times, and take into account the pragmatic principles that control temporal implications of aspectual and modal forms in texts. However, many statements in biblical poetic discourse remain ambiguous as regards their temporal interpretation due to the basic ‘atemporal perspective’ at work. Atemporality in language and discourse correlates with two main phenomena — stativity and illocatability. Stativity in language is associated with such verbal constellations as states and general statives. Stativity in discourse has two sides: there are discourse modes that generally incorporate static entities; some discourse modes demonstrate atemporal text-progression. Illocatability in language is exemplified through the problem of the temporal structure of general statives. Illocatability in discourse is associated with deficiency in the context of deictic and anaphoric elements, necessary for temporal interpretation; in biblical poetry the deficiency of temporal indications can be intensified by poetic terseness and flexibility. Most of the features, associated with atemporal perspective, are not specific to poetic language; they have a universal character and may occur in other discourse types as well. However, the high concentration of all the ‘atemporal’ phenomena and their foregrounded, pragmatically prominent position in a poetic text make biblical poetic speech more ‘atemporal’ than most other speech types. In this paper, I adopt a comprehensive approach to temporality, formulated by Carlota Smith. The investigation is based on the linguistic analysis of poetic fragments from the Torah and Former Prophets (the so-called ‘archaic’ poetry) and the classical prophetic poetry from the books of Amos, Hosea and Isaiah.

机译：在本文中，我主张，尽管BH中的语言变化具有紧张的特点，但如果我们系统地评估言语性，隐喻性的呈现方式，则如同任何其他类型的话语一样，对诗意文本中的语言陈述进行时间解释也是可能的和顺序时间，并考虑到控制文本中方面和情态形式的时间含义的实用原则。但是，由于工作中基本的“时空观”，圣经诗篇中的许多陈述在时间解释上仍然含糊不清。语言和语篇中的非临时性与两个主要现象相关：统计性和可恶性。语言的统计性与诸如状态和一般指示语之类的言语星座相关。话语中的统计性有两个方面：有些话语模式通常包含静态实体。一些话语模式表明了时空文本的进行。语言的不可定位性是通过一般指示语的时间结构问题来举例说明的。话语的不可定位性与时间和口语要素的缺乏有关，这是时间解释所必需的；在圣经诗歌中，诗意的简洁和柔韧性会加剧时间指征的不足。与时空观相关的大多数特征并非只针对诗歌语言。它们具有普遍性，也可能出现在其他话语类型中。但是，所有“非时空”现象的高度集中以及它们在诗歌文本中的前景突出，务实的突出地位，使圣经的诗歌言论比大多数其他言语类型更“非暂时性”。在本文中，我采用了由卡洛塔·史密斯（Carlota Smith）提出的全面的时间性方法。这项调查是基于对《摩西五经》和《先知》（所谓的“古体”诗歌）和古典预言诗歌（来自阿摩司，何西阿和以赛亚书）的语言学分析的基础上进行的。

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《Journal of Semitic Studies》 |2011年第2期|p.275-305|共31页
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Tania Notarius;
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Temporality and Atemporality in the Language of Biblical Poetry

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