Interactive Effect of Botanicals and Bacillus thuringiensis Subsp Israelensis on Culex quinquefasciatus Say

摘要

Strains of Culex quinquefasciatus Say were selected for testing insecticidal toxins produced by Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis Berliner, Neem oil (Azadirachla indica) and Pongamia oil (Pongamia pinnata), singally as well as in combination. The larval, pupal and adult mortality increased significantly with increasing levels of Bti, ncem oil and pongamia oil, either alone or in combination. In contrast, combination of neem oil and pongamia oil with Bti resulted in a synergistic or potentiate effect on larvae of C. quinquefasciatus. Sublethal concentrations of neem oil, pongamia oil and Bti, applied singally or in combination, reduced the fecundity and retarded the larval growth of C. quinquefasciatus. The emergence of adults was also studied woth Bli, neem oil and pongamia oil treatment alone and in combination. The treatment with Bti, neem oil and pongamia oil affected the emergence of C. quinquefasciatus.