Lori McNeil, (2012). Street Practice: Changing the Lens on Poverty and Public Assistance. Burlington, VT: Ashgate

摘要

The Giuliani and Bloomberg mayoral administrations were a tough experience for poor people in New York City. Giuliani oversaw the draconian welfare reforms of the 1990s, and his attacks on welfare pre-dated Clinton's passage of the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act. Bloomberg continued Giuliani's punitive and paternalistic interventions into the lives of applicants and recipients under the banners of "self-sufficiency" and "client responsibility," which in reality meant poor people being pushed away from assistance and blamed for every hardship they encountered. Toward the end of the Bloomberg administration, relations between progressive advocates and officials had grown increasingly polarized. Advocates looked forward to a new administration, frustrated by years of heavy-handed maneuvers, marginalization, and disregard by city officials.