Recent studies on the correlation between surface chemistry, morphology, three-dimensional structures and performance of Li and Li-C intercalation anodes in several important electrolyte systems

摘要

This paper reviews some advances in the comparative study of lithium and graphite electrodes in a large matrix of solvents, salts and additives. The major purpose of this work was to support R&D of lithium metal and Li-ion batteries by understanding the correlation between the anode's performance, its morphology and three-dimensional structure upon cycling, interfacial electronic properties and the surface chemistry. The emphasis was on the use of the most sophisticated novel spectroscopic tools in conjunction with standard electrochemical techniques. These included in situ and ex situ Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), impedance spectroscopy and atomic force microscopies (EIS and AFM, respectively), X-ray photospectroscopy (XPS), energy dispersive analysis of X-rays (EDAX) and electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM).