Understandint the mechanism by which bismuth improves lead-acid battery capacity

摘要

to elucidate the mechanism by which bismuth enhances the capacity of valve-regulated lead-acid (VRLA) batteries, model experiments are performed on pulverized positive electrodes produced either from leady oxide, which contains virtually no bismuth (termed 'Bi-free oxide'), or from Pasminco VRLA Refined~tm oxide, which is of high purity and contains a specified amount (0.05 wt./100) of bismuth.