Macro-mesoporous hollow carbon spheres as anodes for lithium-ion batteries with high rate capability and excellent cycling performance

摘要

In this work, nanostructured macro-mesoporous hollow carbon spheres (MMHCSs) with high surface areas (396 m(2) g(-1)) were synthesized as anode materials via a facile template-based method. A macro porous structure was created on the surfaces of the mesoporous hollow carbon spheres without destroying their spherical structure by etching in 20% HF. The unique nanostructure (imperfect hollow spheres) and the beneficial characteristics of amorphous carbon gave the MMHCSs a high reversible capacity of 530 mAh g(-1) at 2.5 A g(-1) over 1000 cycles. Remarkably, the MMHCSs retained an excellent rate capability of 180 mAh g(-1) at 60 A g(-1), which was superior to that of perfectly structured mesoporous hollow carbon spheres (without macropore (MHCSs)). (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.