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Conceptual limitations and extensions of lung-deposited Nanoparticle Surface Area Monitor (NSAM)

机译:肺部沉积纳米颗粒表面积监测仪(NSAM)的概念局限性和扩展

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Nanoparticle Surface Area Monitor (NSAM, TSI model 3550 and Aerotrak 9000) is an instrument designed to measure airborne surface area concentrations that would deposit in the alveolar or tracheobronchial region of the lung. It was found that the instrument can only be reliably used for the size range of nanoparticles between 20 and 100 nm. The upper size range can be extended to 400 nm, where the minimum in the deposition curves occurs. While the fraction below 20 nm usually contributes only negligibly to the total surface area and is therefore not critical, a preseparator is needed to remove all particles above 400 nm in cases where the size distribution extends into the larger size range. Besides limitations in the particle size range, potential implications of extreme concentrations up to the coagulation limit, particle material (density and composition) and particle morphology are discussed. While concentration does not seem to pose any major constraints, the effect of different agglomerate shapes still has to be further investigated. Particle material has a noticeable impact neither on particle charging in NSAM nor on the deposition curves within the aforementioned size range, but particle hygroscopicity can cause the lung deposition curves to change significantly which currently cannot be mimicked with the instrument. Besides limitations, possible extensions are also discussed. It was found that the tendencies of the particle deposition curves of a reference worker for alveolar, tracheobronchial, total and nasal depositions share the same tendencies in the 20–400 nm size range and that their ratios are almost constant. This also seems to be the case for different individuals and under different breathing conditions. By means of appropriate calibration factors NSAM can be used to deliver the lung deposited surface area concentrations in all these regions, based on a single measurement.
机译:纳米颗粒表面积监测仪(NSAM,TSI 3550型和Aerotrak 9000型)是一种仪器,用于测量会沉积在肺泡或气管支气管区域的空气传播的表面积浓度。发现该仪器只能可靠地用于20到100 nm之间的纳米颗粒大小范围。上限尺寸范围可以扩展到400 nm,其中沉积曲线出现最小值。虽然低于20 nm的馏分通常仅占总表面积的微不足道,因此不是很关键,但在尺寸分布扩展到较大尺寸范围的情况下,需要使用预分离器除去400 nm以上的所有颗粒。除了限制粒径范围外,还讨论了最高浓度到凝结极限,颗粒材料(密度和组成)和颗粒形态的潜在影响。尽管集中度似乎没有构成任何主要限制,但仍需要进一步研究不同附聚物形状的影响。颗粒材料既不会对NSAM中的颗粒电荷产生影响,也不会对上述尺寸范围内的沉积曲线产生显着影响,但是颗粒的吸湿性会导致肺部沉积曲线发生显着变化,这目前无法通过仪器进行模拟。除限制外,还讨论了可能的扩展。研究发现,参考工作人员的肺泡沉积,气管支气管沉积,全鼻沉积和鼻沉积的趋势在20–400 nm尺寸范围内具有相同的趋势,并且它们的比率几乎恒定。对于不同的个体和在不同的呼吸条件下似乎也是如此。通过适当的校准因子,NSAM可用于基于单个测量结果在所有这些区域中输送肺部沉积的表面积浓度。

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