La conquista negociada: guarangas, autoridades locales e imperio en Huaylas, Peru (1532-1610)

摘要

This innovative research by Marina Zuloaga achieves two important goals. Firstly, it presents an impressive and detailed history of Huaylas during the decades following the Spanish Conquest of Peru. It thus falls into the distinguished tradition of histories of the Peruvian regions during the Conquest era: Karen Spalding's Huarochiri for that province, Steve Stern's Peru's Indian Peoples and the Challenge of Spanish Conquest for Huamanga, Susan Ramirez's The World Turned Upside Down for northern Peru, and so on. Successive chapters discuss the implications for Huaylas of the key stages within this history: the Conquest itself in the 1530s, the 'Spanish Civil Wars' that followed through to the early 1550s, and the package of major reforms that reached their culmination in the 1570s during the administration of viceroy Francisco de Toledo; these reforms included the introduction of corregidor provincial magistracies, and above all the sweeping programme of resettlement of the native population into new, Spanish-style towns or reducciones. The subtitle of the book points to an emphasis on local authorities and the imperial state in Huaylas, and indeed, the primary focus is upon the three major actors among these local authorities: native chiefs or caciques; the corregidores themselves, as the main representatives of the state at the provincial level; and the clergy, whether the priests who lived among native communities in Huaylas, or the Church hierarchy, presided over at this time by such formidable figures as Archbishop (afterwards Saint) Toribio de Mogrovejo.