Notes on Zayn al-dīn al-ʿāmilī’s Munyat al-murīd fī Ādāb al-mufīd wa-l-mustafīd

摘要

While teaching as law professor at the Nūriyya Madrasa in Baalbek in 954/1547, the Twelver Shiʿ i jurist Zayn al-Dī nal-ʿĀmilī (911—965/1506—1558) composed a manual of pedagogy entitled Munyat al-murīd fī ādāb al-mufīd wa-l-mustafīd (The Hope of the Desirer, on the Comportment of Teacher and Student) in part to demonstrate his qualifications as professor and in part to serve as a guide for his own teaching. In composing the work, he evidently drew extensively on Sunni sources. Riḍā al-Mukhtārī has revealed a number of unacknowledged quotations in the work, from al-Ghazālīʾs Iḥyāʾ ʿulūm al-dīn and Fakhr al- Dīn al-Rāzīʾs Mafātīḥ al-ghayb, as well as quotations, both acknowledged and unacknowledged, from a number of manuals of pedagogy and handbooks for muftīs in the Sunni tradition. The present study argues that Zayn al-Dīn based Munyat al-murīd primarily on a similar pedagogical manual, al-Durr al-naḍīd fī ādāb al-mufīd wa-l-mustafīd (Ranged Pearls, on the Comportment of Teacher and Student), which had been completed in 932/1526 by the contemporary Damascene Shafiʿi jurist Badr al-Dīn al-Ghazzī (d. 984/1577). Most of the quotations from and references to earlier Sunni works that appear in Munyat al-murīd are notdirect but actually reflect the citations al-Ghazzīʾ had included in al-Durr al-naḍīd. Zayn al-Dīn rearranged al-Ghazzīʾs material, edited out passages, and added quotations of Shiʿi ḥadʾth reports from al-Kulaynīʾs al-Kāfī and other similar works, but nevertheless reproduced a large percentage of al-Ghazzīʿs text verbatim or nearly so. Attention to the ways in which Zayn al- Dīn adapted al-Ghazzīʾs work in his own and modified it for presentation to a Shiʿi audience throws light on methods of authorship both in Twelver scholarship and in the Islamic sciences in general.