Post-settlement effects of habitat type and predator size on cannibalism of glaucothoe and juveniles of red king crab Paralithodes camtschaticus

摘要

Postlarval (glaucothoe) and juvenile (first crab stage, C1) red king crab Paralithodes camtschaticus actively select structurally complex substrata for settlement. Such habitats may provide them with shelter from predation during critical early stages. We tested this hypothesis by placing glaucothoe and juvenile crab in aquaria with or without natural or artificial habitats, and with or without predators (1-3-year-old red king crab) of two different sizes. Predators caused increased mortality of glaucothoe, but predator size, habitat presence and habitat type had no effect on survival. Predators caused significant mortality of C1 crabs in the absence of habitat, and mortality was inversely related to predator size. Density of glaucothoe on habitats was similar with or without predators, but density of C1 crab on habitats was higher than that of glaucothoe, and increased in the presence of large predators. Active selection for complex substrata by settling glaucothoe does not reduce cannibalism, but may pre-position them for improved survival after metamorphosis. In contrast, juvenile crabs modify their behavior to achieve higher densities in refuge habitats, which tends to dampen the effect of predation. These survival strategies may have evolved to compensate for the greater risk of predation in open habitats.