Economic implications of reducing carbon emissions from energy use and industrial processes in Brazil

摘要

This study assesses the economy-wide impacts of cutting CO_2 emissions on the Brazilian economy. It finds that in 2040, the business-as-usual CO_2 emissions from energy use and industrial processes would be almost three times as high as those in 2010 and would account for more than half of total national CO_2 emissions. The current policy aims to reduce deforestation by 70 percent by 2017 and lower emissions intensity of the overall economy by 36-39 percent by 2020. If the policy were implemented as planned and continued to 2040, there would be no need to cut CO_2 emissions from energy use and industrial processes until 2035, as emissions reduction through controlling deforestation would be enough to meet the voluntary carbon mitigation target of Brazil. The study also finds that using the carbon tax revenue to subsidize wind power can effectively increase the country's wind power output if that is the policy priority. Further, it finds evidence supporting the double dividend hypothesis, i.e., using revenue from a hypothetical carbon tax to finance a cut in labor income tax can significantly lower the GDP impacts of the carbon tax.