Degree of Opening-up of the leather structure characterized by Acoustic emission

摘要

Liming is one of the key steps in the leather-mak- ing process- to remove hair and non-collagenous materials from the hide and, more importantly, to open up the fibrous structure for tanning and lubri- cation. However, the leather industry lacks an effective means to identify proper liming condi- tions that produce a sufficient degree of opening- up.