This paper describes a simulation model of schedule design for a fixed transit route adopting the holding control strategy. The model is capable of determining the locations of time points and the amount of slack time allocated to each time point by minimizing the total cost associated with the schedule. The optimization is carried out through a process, which combines a heuristic search, enumeration, and population ranking and selection techniques. Examples showing applications and potential savings of the proposed model are given. It is shown that the model can serve as a practical tool for designing reliable, economical as well as operational transit schedules.
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