歴史的風土特別保存地区における民家の屋敷構えに関する研究: 明日香村の奥山•飛鳥•河原•野口•岡•島庄の六大字を事例として

摘要

Asuka village in Nara prefecture is designated as one of the special preservation areas for historic landscape since 1960's and is well-known for its richness in historic remains originated from Asuka period. This paper focuses on rural house compounds from six different village sections. Village sections located within the plain area are classified into three groups in terms of village layout, i.e. group 1:clustered village(Okuyama, Kawahara and Noguchi), group 2:linear village along the street with east-west axis(Asuka), group 3:linear village along the street with north-south axis(Oka and Shimasho). Composition of rural house compounds in Asuka village and Nara basin consists of main building, directly attached to the main building(tsunoya)and further attached buildings(huzokuya, hanare). We firstly set up the hypothetical model for the building layout development pattern of house compounds which includes every possible extendable pattern of main and attached buildings. The model was examined by the result of our field research which revealed the fact that dominant development patterns follow the basic rule of traditional Japanese idea of the divination of the auspices of a house from its position and orientation.%本稿では明日香村の民家の屋敷構えの類型について村落形態別に特徴を考察してきた。また、その考察中で、奈良盆地の既往研究のデータと適宜比較を行った。得られた知見を次のようにまとめた。①塊村である奥山、川原、野口の各大字と、東西軸に沿った街村である飛鳥大字において、共通した屋敷構えの派生型体系を示した。図12に示したように前者はS型配置、後者は半S型配置と呼べるようなかたちで、主屋から角屋•付属屋が派生する。