A Multi-Objective Optimization of Artichoke (Cynara Scolymus L.) Leaves Aqueous Extraction Dehydration Through a Novel Spray Drying Approach Using Response Surface Methodology

摘要

In this study, Cynara scolymus L. leaves aqueous extract powder was produced usinga novel spray drying approach by incorporation of ongoing ultrasonic atomization and vacuumeddrying chamber. A Response Surface Methodology (RSM)-based central composite face-centereddesign was employed for optimization of the operating conditions of ultrasonic vacuum spray dryer.The independent variables of the prepared mode include inlet temperature, the vacuum pressurein drying chamber and concentration of extract solution. Drying experiments were carried outwith an inlet temperature range of 55–75 °C, a vacuum pressure range of 20–40kPa and extract solutionconcentration of 2–3%. The responses were Moisture Content (MC), Solubility Index (SI), the bulkdensity of extract powder, Total Phenolic Content (TPC) and DPPH scavenging capacity. Optimumoperating conditions were found to be an inlet temperature of 70.58°C, a vacuum pressure of 20kPa,and an extract solution concentration of 3%. In this optimum condition, Moisture Content (MC),Solubility Index (SI), bulk density of extract powder, Total Phenolic Content (TPC) and DPPHscavenging activity were found to be 6.73%, 58.5%, 0.5838 g/cm~3, 13.53 mg of GAE/g of spraydying extract powder and 18.43%, respectively. The morphology of microstructures analyzedwith Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) also showed spherical and smooth particles in optimum condition.