Coordinated optimization of vehicle-to-grid control and load frequency control by considering statistical properties of active power imbalance

摘要

The significantly increased penetration level of electric vehicles (EVs) that causes a great challenge for the vehicle-to-grid (V2G) system and power system influences the performance of the systems. To achieve some good performance of the V2G and power system, this paper proposes a co-optimizing method based on the operation of V2G control and load frequency control (LFC). Compared with the existed results, the proposed method that deals with dead bands and statistical properties of power imbalance in power system establishes a model of two-area V2G system containing the nonlinear features in the beginning. Based on the proposed model, the composition of power imbalance is analyzed, while the Latin hypercube sampling (LHS) is employed to obtain active power imbalance scenarios caused by the probability distribution of load disturbance and renewable energy source in each area. Because the active power imbalance scenarios are considered and the cost function is constructed by the integration of integral time multiply absolute error (ITAE), the droop coefficients of V2G control and proportional-integral (PI) controllers of LFC that are co-optimized simultaneously maintain the demand of holding state of charge (SOC) from EV owners and frequency regulation of V2G system. Finally, simulation results show the validity and advantage of the proposed method.