Guest Editorial

摘要

Permanent organizations, such as companies and profit centres, as well as temporary organizations, such as projects and programs, change. This change might either be continuous or discontinuous (Gareis, 2008).rnDifferent change types are found in the literature, (Bie-denbach and Soederholm, 2008; By, 2005; Gareis, 2008; Heitger and Doujak, 2008). Levy and Merry (1986) differentiate between "1st order change and 2nd order change". The 1st order change leads to a quantitative, content-related and gradual change, the 2nd order change, however, is qualitative and sudden. It leads to a new identity of the considered social system. A differentiation of change types allows the design of appropriate change management approaches (Gareis, 2008).