A planar multiband Koch snowflake fractal antenna for cognitive radio

摘要

This paper of lettering reveals about a modified Koch snowflake fractal multiband antenna for cognitive radio applications. Multiband antennas can be employed for spectrum sensing in cognitive radio. This new microstrip-modified Koch fractal antenna exhibits multiple actions in four dissimilar resonant frequencies at 3.2, 5.2, 6, and 9.5 GHz correspondingly that covers the frequency bands such as S, C, and X bands. Its multiband behavior was analyzed by designing and simulating in ADS EMDS software. Three iterations were carried out to study the performance of modified Koch snowflake fractal antenna. The outer ring and a small rectangular slot in the center of the antenna are used for 50 Omega impedance matching and to increase the number of resonant frequencies. The fractal antenna parameters such as gain, directivity, and its radiation pattern are also analyzed in this paper. The measured results show good agreement with the simulated results.