Viscoelastic Materials

摘要

A development of the theory is presented, including both transient and dynamic aspects, with emphasis on linear viscoelasticity. The structure of the theory is presented with the aim of developing physical insight. Methods for the solution of stress analysis problems in viscoelastic objects are developed and illustrated. Experimental methods for characterisation of viscoelastic materials are explored in detail. Viscoelastic phenomena are described for a wide variety of materials, including polymers, metals, ceramics, geological materials, biological materials, synthetic composites, and cellular solids. High-damping alloys and composites are considered as well as materials that resist creep. To illustrate the sources of viscoelastic phenomena, we describe and analyse causal mechanisms, with cases of materials of extremely high damping and extremely low damping. The theory of viscoelastic composite materials is presented, with examples of various types of structures and the relationships between structure and mechanical properties. Many applications of viscoelasticity and viscoelastic materials are illustrated, with case studies and analysis of particular cases. Viscoelasticity is pertinent to applications as diverse as earplugs, gaskets, computer disks, satellite stability, medical diagnosis, injury prevention, vibration abatement, tyre performance, sports, spacecraft, and music.