Water contamination by enteric virus and superbugs in rural areas and the implications in the One Health context

摘要

The present study evaluated how surface water quality is perceived by farmers, and the actual E. coli, HAdV and HAV contamination. Farmers from five different farms were interviewed, and water samples were collected in each location. Samples presented £ coli (10~1-10~4 MPN 100 mL~(-1)), containing cephalothin and ampicillin-resistant isolates. Water was also contaminated with HAdV (10~2-10~4 gc L~(-1)) and HAV (10~2-10~4 gc L~(-1)). Results showed that water commonly perceived as having good quality by the farmers was actually contaminated, revealing the need for clear and emphatic information in the context of One Health. There is a need for water treatment methods, including acceptance of the need to boil water before using it for drinking and for cooking.