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  • 期刊名称：

    Intelligent Transportation Systems, IEEE Transactions on

  • 中文名称： 智能交通系统，IEEE事务
  • 刊频：
  • ISSN： 1524-9050
  • 出版社： -
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  • 1.

    【24hr】Self-Balancing Decentralized Distributed Platform for Urban Traffic Simulation

    包量

    机译 自平衡分散式城市交通模拟分布式平台
    摘要：Microscopic traffic simulation is the most accurate tool for predictive analytics in urban environments. However, the amount of workload (i.e., cars simulated simultaneously) can be challenging for classical systems, particularly for scenarios requiring faster than real-time processing (e.g., for emergency units having to make quick decisions on traffic management). This challenge can be tackled with distributed simulations by sharing the load between simulation engines running on different computing nodes, hence balancing the processing power required. This paper studies the performance of dSUMO, i.e., a distributed microscopic traffic simulator. dSUMO is fully decentralized and can dynamically balance the workload between its computing nodes, hence showing important improvements against classical, centralized and not dynamic, solutions.
  • 2.

    【24hr】The Relationship Between the Traffic Flow and the Look-Ahead Cruise Control

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    机译 交通流量与超前巡航控制之间的关系
    摘要：There is a relationship between the traffic flow and the look-ahead control; they strongly interact with each other. Thus, this paper develops a design method for the look-ahead control, in which the influences of the traffic flow are considered. A sensitivity analysis of the parameter variation in the look-ahead control is also performed. If the traffic information is also considered in the look-ahead control, an undesirable side effect on the traffic flow may occur. An optimization method is also developed in order to calculate the optimum speed, which handles the individual vehicle energy optimization and its impact on the traffic flow. The method is illustrated through a complex simulation example based on the CarSim software.
  • 3.

    【24hr】A Novel Approach for the Test of Active Pedestrian Safety Systems

    包量

    机译 主动行人安全系统测试的新方法
    摘要：Active pedestrian safety systems are based on a variety of sensor systems and detection algorithm approaches. The activation of, e.g., an emergency brake is a critical decision. Therefore, such applications must be tested very responsibly. This paper shows the characteristic features of pedestrians, presents current test methods, and introduces a novel test system approach and pedestrian dummy, which enables the test of advanced pedestrian detection systems. This includes also detection algorithm approaches including pre-indicators and path prediction for a complex motion pattern. The complex motion pattern can be a walking or a running pedestrian, including velocity and direction changes.
  • 4.

    【24hr】Optimal Control for Congestion Pricing: Theory, Simulation, and Evaluation

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    机译 拥塞定价的最优控制：理论，仿真和评估
    摘要：This paper presents a mathematical framework for dynamic congestion pricing. The objective is to calculate an optimal toll using the optimal control theory. The problem consists of tolled lanes or routes and alternate non-tolled lanes or routes. The model is developed using a traffic conservation law, the queuing theory, and fundamental macroscopic relationships. A logit model is used for establishing the relationship between the price and the driver's choice behavior. We design a cost function and then use Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equation to derive an optimal control law that uses real-time information to determine an optimal tolling price. Simulations are performed to demonstrate the performance of this optimal control congestion-pricing algorithm.
  • 5.

    【24hr】A Potential Field-Based Model Predictive Path-Planning Controller for Autonomous Road Vehicles

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    机译 基于潜力域的自主式道路车辆模型预测路径规划控制器
    摘要：Artificial potential fields and optimal controllers are two common methods for path planning of autonomous vehicles. An artificial potential field method is capable of assigning different potential functions to different types of obstacles and road structures and plans the path based on these potential functions. It does not, however, include the vehicle dynamics in the path-planning process. On the other hand, an optimal path-planning controller integrated with vehicle dynamics plans an optimal feasible path that guarantees vehicle stability in following the path. In this method, the obstacles and road boundaries are usually included in the optimal control problem as constraints and not with any arbitrary function. A model predictive path-planning controller is introduced in this paper such that its objective includes potential functions along with the vehicle dynamics terms. Therefore, the path-planning system is capable of treating different obstacles and road structures distinctly while planning the optimal path utilizing vehicle dynamics. The path-planning controller is modeled and simulated on a CarSim vehicle model for some complicated test scenarios. The results show that, with this path-planning controller, the vehicle avoids the obstacles and observes road regulations with appropriate vehicle dynamics. Moreover, since the obstacles and road regulations can be defined with different functions, the path-planning system plans paths corresponding to their importance and priorities.
  • 6.

    【24hr】Handoff Performance Improvements in an Integrated Train-Ground Communication System Based on Wireless Network Virtualization

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    机译 基于无线网络虚拟化的列车－地面综合通信系统的切换性能改进
    摘要：In existing urban rail transit systems, the train-ground communication system for different subsystems is deployed independently. Investing and constructing the communication infrastructures repeatedly not only wastes substantial social resources, but it also is difficult to maintain all these infrastructures. In this paper, we propose an integrated train-ground communication system based on wireless network virtualization for urban rail transit systems. In order to improve the communication-based train control (CBTC) subsystem performance during handoff, we propose a novel handoff scheme to support handoff between virtual networks. The application-layer quality-of-service (QoS) parameters of the CBTC, passenger information system, and closed circuit television subsystems are used as the performance measures in the handoff design. We then formulate the QoS optimization problem in the proposed integrated train-ground communication system as an approximate dynamic programming (ADP) problem. The extensive simulation results show that the proposed integrated train-ground communication system QoS can be improved substantially with our ADP-based optimization model.
  • 7.

    【24hr】Safety in Vehicle Platooning: A Systematic Literature Review

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    机译 车辆成排的安全性：系统文献综述
    • 作者：Jakob Axelsson;
    • 刊名：IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems
    • 2017年第5期
    摘要：Vehicle platooning has been studied for several decades, with objectives such as improved traffic throughput on existing infrastructure or reduced energy consumption. All the time, it has been apparent that safety is an important issue. However, there are no comprehensive analyses of what is needed to achieve safety in platooning, but only scattered pieces of information. This paper investigates, through a systematic literature review, what is known about safety for platooning, including what analysis methods have been used, what hazards and failures have been identified, and solution elements that have been proposed to improve safety. Based on this, a gap analysis is performed to identify outstanding questions that need to be addressed in future research. These include dealing with a business ecosystem of actors that cooperate and compete around platooning, refining safety analysis methods to make them suitable for systems-of-systems, dealing with variability in vehicles, and finding solutions to various human factors issues.
  • 8.

    【24hr】Data-Driven Adaptive Optimal Control of Connected Vehicles

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    机译 互联车辆数据驱动的自适应最优控制
    摘要：In this paper, a data-driven non-model-based approach is proposed for the adaptive optimal control of a class of connected vehicles that is composed of n human-driven vehicles only transmitting motional data and an autonomous vehicle in the tail receiving the broadcasted data from preceding vehicles by wireless vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication devices. Considering the cases of range-limited V2V communication and input saturation, several optimal control problems are formulated to minimize the errors of distance and velocity and to optimize the fuel usage. By employing an adaptive dynamic programming technique, the optimal controllers are obtained without relying on the knowledge of system dynamics. The effectiveness of the proposed approaches is demonstrated via the online learning control of the connected vehicles in Paramics' traffic microsimulation.
  • 9.

    【24hr】Intrusion Detection and Ejection Framework Against Lethal Attacks in UAV-Aided Networks: A Bayesian Game-Theoretic Methodology

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    机译 针对无人机辅助网络中的致命攻击的入侵检测和弹出框架：贝叶斯博弈论方法
    摘要：Advances in wireless communications and microelectronics have spearheaded the development of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), which can be used to augment a ground network composed of sensors and/or vehicles in order to increase coverage, enhance the end-to-end delay, and improve data processing. While UAV-aided networks can potentially find applications in many areas, a number of issues, particularly security, have not been readily addressed. The intrusion detection system is the most commonly used technique to detect attackers. In this paper, we focus on addressing two main issues within the context of intrusion detection and attacker ejection in UAV-aided networks, namely, activation of the intrusion monitoring process and attacker ejection. In fact, when a large number of nodes activate their monitoring processes, the incurred overhead can be substantial and, as a consequence, degrades the network performance. Therefore, a tradeoff between the intrusion detection rate and overhead is considered in this work. It is not always the best strategy to eject a node immediately when it exhibits a bad sign of malicious activities since this sign could be provisional (the node may switch to a normal behavior in the future) or be simply due to noise or unreliable communications. Thus, a dilemma between detection and false positive rates is taken into account in this paper. We propose to address these two security issues by a Bayesian game model in order to accurately detect attacks (i.e., high detection and low false positive rates) with a low overhead. Simulation results have demonstrated that our proposed security game framework does achieve reliable detection.
  • 10.

    【24hr】SesToCross: Semantic Expert System to Manage Single-Lane Road Crossing

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    机译 SesToCross：语义专家系统，用于管理单车道交叉口
    摘要：This paper presents an Advanced Driver Assistance System called SesToCross, which helps those vehicle drivers who want to cross an intersection nonsignalized. SesToCross is based on a semantic expert system devoted to the intelligent management of crossroads without requiring any centralized reasoning process. SesToCross gives intelligence to each vehicle involved in the crossroad applying an ontology (CrossRoad) implemented at every single vehicle, providing a common semantic over a global and distributed architecture. SesToCross recommends, in real time, to the drivers the best choice to cross safely the intersection in an intuitive, simple, and informative, but not distractive, way. SesToCross is described, developed, and validated on real circumstances and scenarios.
  • 11.

    【24hr】Intelligent Localization of a High-Speed Train Using LSSVM and the Online Sparse Optimization Approach

    包量

    机译 基于LSSVM和在线稀疏优化方法的高速列车智能定位。
    摘要：For a high-speed train (HST), quick and accurate localization of its position is crucial to safe and effective operation of the HST. In this paper, we develop a mathematical localization model by analyzing the location report created by the HST. Then, we apply two sparse optimization algorithms, i.e., iterative pruning error minimization (IPEM) and -norm minimization algorithms, to improve the sparsity of both least squares support vector machine (LSSVM) and weighted LSSVM models. Furthermore, in order to enhance the adaptability and real-time performance of established localization model, four online sparse learning algorithms LSSVM-online, IPEM-online, -norm-online, and hybrid-online are developed to sparsify the training data set and update parameters of the LSSVM model online. Finally, the field data of the Beijing–Shanghai high-speed railway (BS_HSR) is used to test the performance of the established localization models. The proposed method overcomes the problem of memory constraints and high computational costs resulting in highly sparse reductions to the LSSVM models. Experiments on real-world data sets from the BS_HSR illustrate that these methods achieve sparse models and increase the real-time performance in online updating process on the premise of reducing the location error. For the rapid convergence of proposed online sparse algorithms, the localization model can be updated when the HST passes through the balise every time.
  • 12.

    【24hr】Reactive Obstacle Avoidance for Highly Maneuverable Vehicles Based on a Two-Stage Optical Flow Clustering

    包量

    机译 基于两阶段光流聚类的高机动车辆反应性避障
    摘要：This paper proposes a reactive obstacle avoidance approach based solely on image data from a monocular camera stream. By clustering and analyzing the optical flow, this approach is able to identify potential collisions with dynamic obstacles. Epipolar geometry is exploited to derive velocity commands that ensure a collision-free path for a highly maneuverable autonomous vehicle via a real-time optimizer. First, the underlying image processing and optimization principles are explained in detail, before simulation results show the general feasibility of the approach. Finally, real-world tests with the ROboMObil, the German Aerospace Center’s robotic electric vehicle, are provided to demonstrate its applicability.
  • 13.

    【24hr】A Potential Field Approach-Based Trajectory Control for Autonomous Electric Vehicles With In-Wheel Motors

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    机译 带有轮毂电机的自主电动汽车基于势场方法的轨迹控制
    摘要：The studies on the autonomous electric vehicle are quite attractive due to fewer human-induced errors and improved safety in recent years. Extensive research has been done on the autonomous steering control of the mobile robot, but study on the on-road autonomous electric vehicle is still limited. This paper proposes a potential field method to achieve the trajectory control of the autonomous electric vehicle with in-wheel motors. Instead of strictly following a desired path, this method can form a steering corridor with a desired tracking error tolerance and the vehicle can be steered smoothly with less control effort. In this paper, the innovative potential filed function is presented first to determine the desired vehicle yaw angle. Then, according to this desired yaw angle, a two-level trajectory controller is proposed to achieve the trajectory control. Simulation results are shown to prove that this suggested trajectory controller can successfully control the vehicle to move within the desired road boundary and improve the handling and stability performance of the vehicle.
  • 14.

    【24hr】Exact and Heuristic Algorithms for Rapid and Station Arrival-Time Guaranteed Bus Transportation via Lane Reservation

    包量

    机译 通过车道预约的快速和车站到达时间保证公交车运输的精确和启发式算法
    摘要：This paper addresses a new lane reservation problem called bus lane reservation problem (BLRP). The focus of the problem is on optimally selecting lanes to be reserved from an existing transport network and designing reserved lane-based bus paths, such that the rapid and station arrival-time guaranteed bus transit can be ensured, thereby achieving rapid and reliable bus transportation. However, once lanes are reserved, negative impact, such as an increase in travel time on adjacent non-reserved lanes may be caused. For this problem, an improved integer linear program is first formulated to minimize such negative impact. As the existing commercial solvers, e.g., CPLEX, can only solve small-size problems, we develop an exact enhanced cut-and-solve algorithm and an improved kernel search heuristic for solving medium- and large-size problems. Results of extensive numerical experiments confirm the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed algorithms. In addition, a bi-objective robust BRLP is investigated to study the tradeoff between the negative impact of reserved lanes and the robustness of solution against the uncertainties in the link travel time and the bus dwell time.
  • 15.

    【24hr】Development and Evaluation of an Evolutionary Algorithm-Based OnLine Energy Management System for Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles

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    机译 基于进化算法的插电式混合动力汽车在线能源管理系统的开发与评估
    摘要：Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) have been regarded as one of several promising countermeasures to transportation-related energy use and air quality issues. Compared with conventional hybrid electric vehicles, developing an energy management system (EMS) for PHEVs is more challenging due to their more complex powertrain. In this paper, we propose a generic framework of online EMS for PHEVs that is based on an evolutionary algorithm. It includes several control strategies for managing battery state-of-charge (SOC). Extensive simulation testing and evaluation using real-world traffic data indicates that the different SOC control strategies of the proposed online EMS all outperform the conventional control strategy. Out of all the SOC control strategies, the self-adaptive one is the most adaptive to real-time traffic conditions and the most robust to the uncertainties in recharging opportunity. A comparison to the existing models also employing short-term prediction shows that the proposed model can achieve the best fuel economy improvement but requiring less trip information.
  • 16.

    【24hr】Cooperative Localization of Connected Vehicles: Integrating GNSS With DSRC Using a Robust Cubature Kalman Filter

    包量

    机译 互联车辆的协作定位：使用稳健的Cubature卡尔曼滤波器将GNSS与DSRC集成
    摘要：Cooperative localization of the connected vehicles is significant for many advanced intelligent transportation system (ITS) applications. Vehicle-to-vehicle communication using dedicated short-range communication (DSRC) has great potential to enhance global navigation satellite systems (GNSSs) for the capability of cooperative localization. In the integration of DSRC and GNSS, the tolerance against the unknown and time-varying observation conditions is a key factor to fulfill the requirements of several specific ITS applications. Under a GNSS/DSRC integrated architecture for cooperative localization, a novel robust cubature Kalman filter (CKF) is proposed in this paper to improve the performance of the data fusion under uncertain sensor observation environments. In the proposed solution, the structure of the standard CKF is enhanced using the Huber M-estimation technique, in which the original measurement update in the CKF is modified considering the probable anomalies in state estimation. Furthermore, based on the investigation of the adjustment effect from the constraint factor, an adaptive strategy for this parameter is introduced to optimize the performance comprehensively. The proposed method is validated using a specific simulation system. Results of experiment and simulations demonstrate the capability of improving the robustness and adaptive performance over the original filters under the unknown operation conditions.
  • 17.

    【24hr】Path Planning for First Responders in the Presence of Moving Obstacles With Uncertain Boundaries

    包量

    机译 具有不确定边界的移动障碍物时的第一响应者路径规划
    摘要：In this paper, we study path planning for first responders in the presence of uncertain moving obstacles. To support the path planning, in our research we use hazard simulation to provide the predicted information of moving obstacles. A major problem in using hazard simulation is that the simulation results may involve uncertainty due to model errors or noise in the real measurements. To address this problem, we provide an approach to handle the uncertainty in the information of moving obstacles, and apply it to the case of toxic plumes. Our contribution consists of two parts: 1) a spatial data model that supports the representation of uncertain obstacles from hazard simulations and their influence on the road network and 2) a modified A* algorithm that can deal with the uncertainty and generate fast and safe routes passing though the obstacles. The experimental results show the routing capability of our approach and its potential for the application to real disasters.
  • 18.

    【24hr】A Privacy-Preserving Mobile Payment System for Mass Transit

    包量

    机译 大众运输专用的隐私保护移动支付系统
    摘要：In the near future, mobile payment systems based on smartphones are expected to be widely applied in various environments, including transit services. When passengers use mass transit, their private information, such as their identity and route, may be made available to some related organizations, such as transit agencies, financial institutions, mobile carriers, and providers of smart cards, among others, even when the passengers may not want their information to be revealed. To protect passenger privacy, this paper proposes a privacy-preserving transit payment system based on traceable signatures, identity-based signatures, and anonymous signatures. In addition to passenger privacy, the proposed system facilitates the proactive blocking of misbehaving passengers, free-transfer services (or transfer discount), and postpaid programs. We demonstrate that the performance of this system is good enough for immediate deployment based on various experiments.
  • 19.

    【24hr】Visualizing the Relationship Between Human Mobility and Points of Interest

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    机译 可视化人员流动与兴趣点之间的关系
    摘要：In transportation studies, one fundamental problem is to analyze the departures and arrivals at locations in order to predict the travel demands for urban planning and traffic management. These movements can relate to many factors, e.g., activity distributions and household demographics. This paper presents how we use visualization to explore the relationship between people movements and activity distributions that are characterized by the points of interest (POIs). To effectively model and visualize such relationship, we introduce POI-mobility signature, a compact visual representation with two main components. 1) A mobility component to present major people movements information across temporal dimension. 2) A POI component to present the activity context over an area of interest in spatial domain. To derive the signature, we study assorted analytical tasks after discussing with transportation researchers, consider essential design principles, and apply the representation to study a real-world dataset, which is the massive public transportation data in Singapore with over 30 million trajectories and crowd-sourcing POIs retrieved from Foursquare. Finally, we conduct three case studies and interview three transportation experts to verify the efficacy of our method.
  • 20.

    【24hr】Anomaly Detection for Road Traffic: A Visual Analytics Framework

    包量

    机译 道路交通异常检测：视觉分析框架
    摘要：The analysis of large amounts of multidimensional road traffic data for anomaly detection is a complex task. Visual analytics can bridge the gap between computational and human approaches to detecting anomalous behavior in road traffic, making the data analysis process more transparent. In this paper, we present a visual analytics framework that provides support for: 1) the exploration of multidimensional road traffic data; 2) the analysis of normal behavioral models built from data; 3) the detection of anomalous events; and 4) the explanation of anomalous events. We illustrate the use of this framework with examples from a large database of real road traffic data collected from several areas in Europe. Finally, we report on feedback provided by expert analysts from Volvo Group Trucks Technology, regarding its design and usability.
  • 21.

    【24hr】User Association for Load Balancing in Vehicular Networks: An Online Reinforcement Learning Approach

    包量

    机译 车载网络负载平衡用户协会：一种在线强化学习方法
    摘要：Recently, a number of technologies have been developed to promote vehicular networks. When vehicles are associated with the heterogeneous base stations (e.g., macrocells, picocells, and femtocells), one of the most important problems is to make load balancing among these base stations. Different from common mobile networks, data traffic in vehicular networks can be observed having regularities in the spatial–temporal dimension due to the periodicity of urban traffic flow. By taking advantage of this feature, we propose an online reinforcement learning approach, called ORLA. It is a distributed user association algorithm for network load balancing in vehicular networks. Based on the historical association experiences, ORLA can obtain a good association solution through learning from the dynamic vehicular environment continually. In the long run, the real-time feedback and the regular traffic association patterns both help ORLA cope with the dynamics of network well. In experiments, we use QiangSheng taxi movement to evaluate the performance of ORLA. Our experiments verify that ORLA has higher quality load balancing compared with other popular association methods.
  • 22.

    【24hr】Optimal Control of Connected Vehicle Systems With Communication Delay and Driver Reaction Time

    包量

    机译 具有通信延迟和驾驶员反应时间的互联车辆系统的最优控制
    摘要：In this paper, linear quadratic regulation is used to obtain an optimal design of connected cruise control (CCC). We consider vehicle strings where a CCC vehicle receives position and velocity signals through wireless vehicle-to-vehicle communication from multiple vehicles ahead. Communication delay, driver reaction time, and heterogeneity of vehicles are considered. The optimal feedback law is obtained by minimizing a cost function defined by headway and velocity errors and the acceleration of the CCC vehicle on an infinite horizon. We show that, by decomposing the optimization problem, the feedback gains can be obtained recursively as signals from vehicles farther ahead become available, and that the gains decay exponentially with the number of cars between the source of the signal and the CCC vehicle. Such properties allow graceful degradation of CCC performance under imperfect communication. The effects of the cost function on the head-to-tail string stability are also investigated and the robustness against variations in human parameters is tested. The analytical results are verified by numerical simulations at the nonlinear level. The results allow us to significantly reduce the complexity of CCC design.
  • 23.

    【24hr】Orthogonal Design-Based NSGA-III for the Optimal Lockage Co-Scheduling Problem

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    机译 基于正交设计的NSGA-III最优联锁调度问题
    摘要：Lockage co-scheduling of Three Gorges Dam and Gezhou Dam (LCSTD) is a mixed-integer nonlinear optimization (MINO) problem. This paper establishes a multi-objective MINO model for the LCSTD problem, in which two criteria reflecting the interests of shippers on the one side and owners of the lock on the other side are considered as two parallel optimization objectives. The LCSTD problem is separated into three sub-problems. The first sub-problem concerns the lockage number and lockage direction determination, while the second and third sub-problems refer to lockage time optimization and ship placement, respectively. An orthogonal design-based non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm III (ONSGA-III) is presented, and then, we combine the ONSGA-III with a time-area series assignment method to optimize the LCSTD problem. Meanwhile, a heuristic adjustment strategy is proposed according to the structure of the lockage time optimization sub-problem to enhance the exploration ability of ONSGA-III. Furthermore, a compromise solution is chosen from the achieved non-dominated Pareto solutions by utilizing a membership function. Finally, the method is tested on the instances, which are extracted from historical data at Three Gorges Dam and Gezhouba Dam. The Pareto solutions achieved by the proposed method are compared with those of other methods. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method is efficient for solving the LCSTD problem.
  • 24.

    【24hr】A Data-Driven Method for Trip Ends Identification Using Large-Scale Smartphone-Based GPS Tracking Data

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    机译 基于大规模智能手机的GPS跟踪数据的行程终点识别数据驱动方法
    摘要：Using tracking data obtained from the smartphone and Internet survey, a data-driven machine learning method is proposed to identify trip ends. In previous literature, this is usually done based on some predefined rules, which have been confirmed to be valid. Nonetheless, these rule-based methods largely depend on researchers’ own knowledge, which is inevitably subjective and arbitrary. Moreover, they are not effective enough to process the huge amount of data in the era of big data. In this paper, millions of smartphone-based GPS tracking data are targeted. A group of attributes, such as travel speed, distance, and heading, are derived to characterize the smartphone holders’ travel status. In other words, the tracking points could be identified as being at the state of traveling or non-traveling, based on which the trip ends are easily detected. In contrast to those rule-based methods, a random forest is utilized in this paper as the classification model, with no subjective rules predefined for classification. This data-driven model is automatically built. The results show that after training the GPS tracking data of 1393 days and the prompted recall (PR) survey data using the random forest, the accuracy of trip ends identification on tracking data of 697 days is 96.17%. The current analysis is free from personal experiences, which is expected to be useful for the smartphone-based survey data in the era of big data.
  • 25.

    【24hr】Worldwide Railway Skeleton Network: Extraction Methodology and Preliminary Analysis

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    机译 全球铁路骨架网络：提取方法和初步分析
    摘要：Understanding and improving global mobility has gained increased interest during the last decades. However, studies on the railway network are spatially limited so far, mostly investigating the domestic network of a country. Data availability is a major limiting factor for the analysis of these networks. Despite the increased open data movement, network operators are often reluctant to publish their infrastructure and passenger data. Existing large-scale studies usually make use of hand-collected data, for instance, based on historical cartographies. In this paper, we develop and implement a methodology to extract the worldwide railway skeleton network from the open data repository OpenStreetMap, where nodes are stations/waypoints and links are weights with information such as spatial distance, gauge, and maximum speed. We describe how we solved several data cleansing and scalability issues and developed network simplification techniques, in order to obtain an adequate representation of the network. We show that the network breaks down into few large and many small components. Furthermore, we show that this public data set can be used for efficient minimum travel time estimation between stations or cities. This paper leads to the development of a new research data set and contributes toward the ability of analyzing global mobility patterns, particularly regarding multimodality and cross-country transportation.
  • 26.

    【24hr】Multi-Modal Design of an Intelligent Transportation System

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    机译 智能交通系统的多模式设计
    摘要：This paper proposes a novel intelligent transportation system (ITS) using the cellular network, GPS probes, and limited ITS infrastructure for edge-level speed estimation under heterogeneous traffic condition. The erroneous vehicle position data taken from cellular network are processed in real time to compute edge level vehicle flow, space occupancy, and congestion with a mean error of less than 10%. For edge-level speed estimation, two models of ITS infrastructure deployment are proposed: the COngestion COverage MOdel (COCOMO) and the Edge COverage MOdel (ECOMO). The GPS Probes’ speed data are used to extrapolate speed estimations from an infrastructure edge to the associated infrastructureless edge(s). The infrastructure requirement of COCOMO is constant, whereas that of ECOMO depends upon diversity in the congestion profile of edges. The COCOMO and ECOMO permit edge-level speed estimation with the 90 percentile error of 10%–22% and 10%–13%, respectively. The communication and storage requirement of the proposed ITS and the utility of generated traffic information are analyzed.
  • 27.

    【24hr】Magnetic Field Generated by the Loops Used in Traffic Control Systems

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    机译 交通控制系统中使用的回路产生的磁场
    摘要：In this paper, a detailed study about the value, in any point of space , of the magnetic field generated by a rectangular loop that carries a current has been made. The analysis focuses on the study of rectangular magnetic loops that are used as sensors in traffic control systems. The inductance of magnetic loops is calculated numerically in three different ways, and the optimal way of performing the numerical summation is derived, which takes into account the magnetic field singularity on the conductor itself. The calculations also take into account the distance between the different turns in the loop. Later, the results are compared with the most commonly used empirical methods for inductance calculation. This paper shows the great similarity between empirical and numerically calculated results and concludes with the experimental verification and validation of the obtained theoretical results. Thus, both the system to evaluate the results and the proposed numerical methods for inductance calculation can be used in other loops geometries. This methodology can also be used for the mutual inductance calculation that appears between a buried loop and any kind of vehicle geometry, whose oscillation frequency variation determines the magnetic signature. The mutual inductance calculation can be used to determine the signal level that can be exchanged between the loops on the pavement and those on the vehicle, which in turn can be used as a short-range communication system between vehicles and infrastructures, with applications such as vehicles classification, speed measurements, or communication between vehicles.
  • 28.

    【24hr】Optimal Energy Management for HEVs in Eco-Driving Applications Using Bi-Level MPC

    包量

    机译 使用双层MPC的生态驱动应用中的混合动力汽车的最佳能源管理
    摘要：Wide usage of vehicle’s onboard navigation system offers vehicles better terms to improve energy efficiency. In this paper, a computationally effective energy management strategy using model predictive control (MPC) is proposed to find the energy optimal torque split, gear shift, and velocity control of a parallel hybrid electric vehicle (HEV). We consider the vehicles in urban driving, where the vehicle trajectory is constrained by the infrastructure (road signs) and other vehicles (traffic). Restricted by the discrete gear ratio, nonlinear dynamics of the vehicles, and especially different time scales between velocity trajectory and torque split optimization, finding these control variables in one optimal problem is quite challenging. Thus, this paper uses bi-level methodology to reduce computational time and simplify the hybrid optimal problem by decoupling its components into two subproblems. In the outer loop, the optimal velocity trajectory is obtained by solving a nonlinear time-varying optimal problem using a Krylov subspace method to improve computational efficiency. In the second subproblem, we provide an explicit solution of the optimal torque split ratio and gear shift schedule by combining Pontryagin’s minimum principle and numerical methods in the framework of MPC. Simulation results on an AMESim model of an HEV with seven-speed automated manual transmission over multiple driving cycles are presented. The results indicate that both energy efficiency and computational speed are improved.
  • 29.

    【24hr】Video Processing From Electro-Optical Sensors for Object Detection and Tracking in a Maritime Environment: A Survey

    包量

    机译 用于海上环境中目标检测和跟踪的光电传感器的视频处理：一项调查
    摘要：We present a survey on maritime object detection and tracking approaches, which are essential for the development of a navigational system for autonomous ships. The electro-optical (EO) sensor considered here is a video camera that operates in the visible or the infrared spectra, which conventionally complements radar and sonar for situational awareness at sea and has demonstrated its effectiveness over the last few years. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of various approaches of video processing for object detection and tracking in the maritime environment. We follow an approach-based taxonomy wherein the advantages and limitations of each approach are compared. The object detection system consists of the following modules: horizon detection, static background subtraction, and foreground segmentation. Each of these has been studied extensively in maritime situations and has been shown to be challenging due to the presence of background motion especially due to waves and wakes. The key processes involved in object tracking include video frame registration, dynamic background subtraction, and the object tracking algorithm itself. The challenges for robust tracking arise due to camera motion, dynamic background, and low contrast of tracked object, possibly due to environmental degradation. The survey also discusses multisensor approaches and commercial maritime systems that use EO sensors. The survey also highlights methods from computer vision research, which hold promise to perform well in maritime EO data processing. Performance of several maritime and computer vision techniques is evaluated on Singapore Maritime Dataset.
  • 30.

    【24hr】Latent-Segmentation, Hazard-Based Models of Travel Time

    包量

    机译 潜在分段，基于危害的旅行时间模型
    摘要：Growing interest in performance reliability and improving data availability is motivating a shift toward probabilistic treatments of travel time across a number of intelligent transportation system applications. Hazard-based analysis supports the development of probabilistic travel time models and latent-class-style methodologies capture how the mechanisms affecting travel time are expected to differ based on congestion status. Benefiting from rich data available for metropolitan freeway travel times in the San Francisco Bay Area, this paper studies how congestion state, traffic demand, roadway variables, and weather impact travel-time performance in a probabilistic regime. Congestion state is captured as an inferred yet unobserved segmentation in the data using latent segmentation, and hazard-based models of travel times are developed for the congested and uncongested classes. The final model represents an intuitive description of the factors that probabilistically influence travel time on freeways. The predicted aggregation shows excellent agreement with the data. With opportunities for improvement in the data sources and complexity of the latent segmentation, the final model nevertheless represents a simple yet flexible solution for understanding the relationships between travel time, traffic state, and relevant behavioral, geometric, and environmental factors.
  • 31.

    【24hr】Visual Analytics of Mobility and Transportation: State of the Art and Further Research Directions

    包量

    机译 流动性和运输的可视化分析：最新技术和进一步的研究方向
    摘要：Many cities and countries are now striving to create intelligent transportation systems that utilize the current abundance of multisource and multiform data related to the functionality and the use of transportation infrastructure to better support human mobility, interests, and lifestyles. Such intelligent transportation systems aim to provide novel services that can enable transportation consumers and managers to be better informed and make safer and more efficient use of the infrastructure. However, the transportation domain is characterized by both complex data and complex problems, which calls for visual analytics approaches. The science of visual analytics is continuing to develop principles, methods, and tools to enable synergistic work between humans and computers through interactive visual interfaces. Such interfaces support the unique capabilities of humans (such as the flexible application of prior knowledge and experiences, creative thinking, and insight) and couple these abilities with machines’ computational strengths, enabling the generation of new knowledge from large and complex data. In this paper, we describe recent developments in visual analytics that are related to the study of movement and transportation systems and discuss how visual analytics can enable and improve the intelligent transportation systems of the future. We provide a survey of literature from the visual analytics domain and organize the survey with respect to the different types of transportation data, movement and its relationship to infrastructure and behavior, and modeling and planning. We conclude with lessons learned and future directions, including social transportation, recommender systems, and policy implications.
  • 32.

    【24hr】Adaptively Exploring Population Mobility Patterns in Flow Visualization

    包量

    机译 流可视化中的自适应探索人口流动模式
    摘要：Thanks to the ubiquitous cell phone use, we have never been so close to uncover population mobility patterns in urban area. While some researches utilize cellphone call records to mine population patterns, few works aim to depict population movement in adaptively spatial and temporal representations, i.e., from a community, a district in the city over an hour, a day to a week. In this paper, we construct a system which deciphers, transforms, queries, and visualizes the records from the millions of users in a city. In particular, we design a data structure, namely MobiHash, which collects phone call records over base stations and indexes them by utilizing a Voronoi division of the urban space. MobiHash supports responsive data queries so that users can interactively retrieve trajectories reflecting population flows in areas of interest. Moreover, population movement is represented as vector fields to reduce visual clutter and occlusions. Because of sparse moving points, a novel radiation model is proposed to interpolate population passing zones. Case studies and experts’ feedback validate the utility and efficiency by comparing population moving patterns in different times by using our system.
  • 33.

    【24hr】A Parallel Transportation Management and Control System for Bus Rapid Transit Using the ACP Approach

    包量

    机译 基于ACP的公交快速运输并行运输管理控制系统。
    摘要：Bus rapid transit (BRT) has been proved to be an effective tool to improve mass transit services. However, BRT's adaptive operations like management and scheduling under different scenarios are too complicated to implement using traditional methods. The ACP approach, which is based on holism and complex system theory and consists of artificial systems (A), computational experiments (C) and parallel execution (P), offers an efficient new method to cope with these complex systems, including BRT. In this paper, the parallel transportation management and control system for BRT (PTMS-BRT) is presented, which is designed and implemented using the ACP approach. PTMS-BRT integrates such functions as BRT's monitoring, warning, forecasting, incident management, and real-time scheduling, to provide its operations smoother, safer, more efficient, and reliable. It has been piloted successfully in Guangzhou BRT to demonstrate it as another successful example of parallel transportation systems.
  • 34.

    【24hr】A Multi-Agent Advanced Traveler Information System for Optimal Trip Planning in a Co-Modal Framework

    包量

    机译 协同模式框架中用于优化行程计划的多代理商高级旅行者信息系统
    摘要：We present an advanced traveler information system (ATIS) for public and private transportation, including vehicle sharing and pooling services. The ATIS uses an agent-based architecture and multi-objective optimization to answer trip planning requests from multiple users in a co-modal setting, considering vehicle preferences and conflicting criteria. At each set of users' requests, the transportation network is represented by a co-modal graph that allows decomposing the trip planning problem into smaller tasks: the shortest routes between the network nodes are determined and then combined to obtain possible itineraries. Using multi-objective optimization, the set of user-vehicle-route combinations according to the users' preferences is determined, ranking all possible route agents' coalitions. The ATIS is tested for the real case study of the Lille metropolitan area (Nord Pas de Calais, France).
  • 35.

    【24hr】An Improved Fuzzy Neural Network for Traffic Speed Prediction Considering Periodic Characteristic

    包量

    机译 考虑周期特征的改进的模糊神经网络交通速度预测
    摘要：This paper proposes a new method in construction fuzzy neural network to forecast travel speed for multi-step ahead based on 2-min travel speed data collected from three remote traffic microwave sensors located on a southbound segment of a fourth ring road in Beijing City. The first-order Takagi-Sugeno system is used to complete the fuzzy inference. To train the evolving fuzzy neural network (EFNN), two learning processes are proposed. First, a K-means method is employed to partition input samples into different clusters and a Gaussian fuzzy membership function is designed for each cluster to measure the membership degree of samples to the cluster centers. As the number of input samples increases, the cluster centers are modified and membership functions are also updated. Second, a weighted recursive least squares estimator is used to optimize the parameters of the linear functions in the Takagi-Sugeno type fuzzy rules. Furthermore, a trigonometric regression function is introduced to capture the periodic component in the raw speed data. Specifically, the predicted performance between the proposed model and six traditional models are compared, which are artificial neural network, support vector machine, autoregressive integrated moving average model, and vector autoregressive model. The results suggest that the prediction performances of EFNN are better than those of traditional models due to their strong learning ability. As the prediction time step increases, the EFNN model can consider the periodic pattern and demonstrate advantages over other models with smaller predicted errors and slow raising rate of errors.
  • 36.

    【24hr】Dynamic Hierarchical Aggregation for Vehicular Sensing

    包量

    机译 用于汽车传感的动态层次聚合
    摘要：Vehicular sensing has gained prominence in recent years with its use in entities, including traffic management centers, forensic authorities, and air pollution control units. It also provides end users with real-time street images, parking summaries, and road congestion status. To reduce bandwidth usage and improve the content value, the sensed data must be aggregated. Data aggregation is said to be efficient when the destination (i.e., a node that serves as a data collection point in the network) is capable of receiving sensed data from a significant proportion of vehicles. However, when a large number of vehicles attempt to send sensed data, the network becomes congested eventually causing packet losses and collisions. Thus, if aggregation is performed without considering key factors, such as number of vehicles and network dynamics, it is difficult to ensure the efficient collection of sensed data at the destination. In this paper, we propose a dynamic hierarchical aggregation scheme in which sensed data is aggregated using a hierarchy. Moreover, the hierarchy is dynamically updated based on theoretically estimated delivery efficiency. In particular, we perform partition and merge operations within the hierarchy to achieve an improved value of delivery efficiency. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme ensures efficient data collection even with stringent delay requirements and achieves scalability with respect to a number of vehicles in the network.
  • 37.

    【24hr】Distributed Ramp Metering—A Constrained Discharge Flow Maximization Approach

    包量

    机译 分布式斜坡计量-一种约束流量最大化方法
    摘要：Considered in this paper is a novel model-based, coordinated ramp metering strategy. It aims at maximizing the discharge flow in motorway networks by minimizing the divergence of the traffic density from its critical value caused by unknown demand flow. The suggested synthesis algorithm casts the traffic control objective into the form of an induced L-norm minimization problem. Hence, we aim at rejecting the effect of disturbance on the overall network performance output while the ramp input flow is subjected to constraints. With such a problem formulation, it is not required to know the disturbance input in order to find the proper control input. Without any central decision unit (traffic control center), ramp meters coordinate by sharing their local variables with solely their neighbor units (upstream and downstream) to achieve the global performance goal. Under some network symmetry conditions, a compositionally inexpensive distributed flow control method is suggested to address scalability issues. The method is implemented in simulation environment and compared with other control algorithms in two comprehensive case studies.
  • 38.

    【24hr】Feedback-Based Integrated Motorway Traffic Flow Control With Delay Balancing

    包量

    机译 具有延迟平衡的基于反馈的集成高速公路交通流控制
    摘要：The development and deployment of simple, yet efficient, coordinated and integrated control tools for motorway traffic control remains a challenge. A generic integrated feedback-based motorway traffic flow control concept is proposed in this paper. It is based on the combination and suitable extension of control algorithms and tools proposed or deployed in other studies, such as ramp metering or variable speed limit (VSL)-enabled cascade-feedback mainstream traffic flow control, and allows for consideration of multiple bottlenecks. The new controller enables coordination of ramp metering actions at a series of on-ramps, as well as integration with VSL control actions, toward a common control goal, which is bottleneck throughput maximization. While doing this, the approach considers a pre-specified (desired) balancing of the incurred delays upstream of the employed actuators, via a suitably designed knapsack problem. Despite the multitude of the offered configurations, options, and possibilities, the generic control algorithm remains simple, efficient, and suitable for field implementation. The control algorithm is demonstrated and evaluated using a validated macroscopic traffic flow model for a number of scenarios.
  • 39.

    【24hr】Heterogeneous Multiscale Method for Multirate Railway Traction Systems Analysis

    包量

    机译 多速率铁路牵引力系统分析的异构多尺度方法
    • 作者：Pablo Arboleya;
    • 刊名：IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems
    • 2017年第9期
    摘要：In this paper, a general mathematical framework for implementing multirate analysis in railway traction systems by means of the heterogeneous multiscale methods is presented. The proposed approach considers the bidirectional interaction between the trains and the electrical feeding system preserving the intrinsic coupling between electrical and mechanical variables. The procedure for accommodating different models with different dynamics and time scales is revealed, tested, and validated by means of a realistic case of study.
  • 40.

    【24hr】Mobility-Aware and Congestion-Relieved Dedicated Path Planning for Group-Based Emergency Guiding Based on Internet of Things Technologies

    包量

    机译 基于物联网技术的基于群体的紧急引导的移动感知和拥塞缓解专用路径规划
    摘要：This paper proposes a group-based framework with dedicated path planning for emergency guiding based on Internet of Things (IoT) technologies. The proposed framework can model the spatiotemporal mobility of indoor people to determine and relieve the congestion of corridors and exits. A dedicated path can be determined to provide the shortest evacuation time for each group of nearby people. The corridor and exit capacities, corridor lengths, clustering motion of a group, concurrent moving of different groups, and up-to-date distribution of group people are considered together to accurately estimate the evacuation time for each group. Based on the estimated evacuation time, evacuation load can be evenly distributed among corridors and exits to alleviate the congestion of all corridors and exits for minimizing total evacuation time. The performance of the proposed framework is evaluated by conducting mathematical analysis and computer simulations, which outperforms existing schemes and can achieve the shortest evacuation time for group-based emergency guiding. In addition, an Android-based prototype with indoor IoT localization technologies is implemented to verify the feasibility of our framework.
  • 41.

    【24hr】On the Effects of a Routing and Reservation System on the Electric Vehicle Public Charging Network

    包量

    机译 路由和预订系统对电动汽车公共收费网络的影响
    • 作者：Thomas Conway;
    • 刊名：IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems
    • 2017年第9期
    摘要：One solution to the limited range of battery electric vehicles is the provision of a public charging infrastructure to enable longer journeys. This paper describes a simulation model of a routing and charge point reservation system based on the charging infrastructure deployed in Ireland during early 2016. Extensive Monte Carlo simulations are run using the Irish population density and an estimated trip length distribution. The results show quantitatively the advantages of a routing and charge point reservation systems on a country wide scale in terms of the number of electric vehicles that can be supported. The effect of charge point fault rates is also quantitatively assessed and shown to be a critical factor in public charging infrastructure deployment.
  • 42.

    【24hr】Optimal Load Scheduling of Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles via Weight-Aggregation Multi-Objective Evolutionary Algorithms

    包量

    机译 基于重量聚合多目标进化算法的插电式混合动力汽车最优负荷调度
    摘要：In order to protect the environment and slow down global warming trend, many governments and environmentalists are keen at promoting the use of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs). As a result, more and more PHEVs have been put into use. However, load peak caused by their disordered charging can be detrimental to an entire power grid. Several methods have been proposed to establish ordered PHEV charging. While focusing on single-objective load scheduling, they fail to meet the real requirements that need one to conduct multiple objective optimization. This paper formulates a multi-objective load scheduling problem to minimize two competing objectives: 1) potential serious peak-to-valley difference and 2) economic loss. When we apply existing multi-objective evolutionary algorithms (MOEAs), i.e., multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO), Nondominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II, MOEA based on decomposition, and multi-objective differential evolutionary algorithm to solve it, because its high dimension and special conditions we find that they fail to reach the Pareto Front or converge into a relatively small area only. Therefore, we propose a weight aggregation (WA) strategy and implement a novel MOEA algorithm named WA-MOPSO by incorporating WA into MOPSO to solve the problem. Its effectiveness and efficiency to generate a Pareto front of this problem are verified and compared with those of the state-of-the-art approaches. Furthermore, WA is also combined with other MOEAs to solve the defined scheduling problem.
  • 43.

    【24hr】Prioritizing Influential Factors for Freeway Incident Clearance Time Prediction Using the Gradient Boosting Decision Trees Method

    包量

    机译 使用梯度提升决策树方法确定影响高速公路事故清除时间的因素
    摘要：Identifying and quantifying the influential factors on incident clearance time can benefit incident management for accident causal analysis and prediction, and consequently mitigate the impact of non-recurrent congestion. Traditional incident clearance time studies rely on either statistical models with rigorous assumptions or artificial intelligence (AI) approaches with poor interpretability. This paper proposes a novel method, gradient boosting decision trees (GBDTs), to predict the nonlinear and imbalanced incident clearance time based on different types of explanatory variables. The GBDT inherits both the advantages of statistical models and AI approaches, and can identify the complex and nonlinear relationship while computing the relative importance among variables. One-year crash data from Washington state, USA, incident tracking system are used to demonstrate the effectiveness of GBDT method. Based on the distribution of incident clearance time, two groups are categorized for prediction with a 15-min threshold. A comparative study confirms that the GBDT method is significantly superior to other algorithms for incidents with both short and long clearance times. In addition, incident response time is found to be the greatest contributor to short clearance time with more than 41% relative importance, while traffic volume generates the second greatest impact on incident clearance time with relative importance of 27.34% and 19.56%, respectively.
  • 44.

    【24hr】Surrogate Bicycle Design for Millimeter-Wave Automotive Radar Pre-Collision Testing

    包量

    机译 毫米波汽车雷达预碰撞测试的代用自行车设计
    摘要：This paper discusses the development of a surrogate bicycle target for evaluating the effectiveness of vehicular autonomous emergency braking (AEB)/ pre-collision systems (PCSs) that uses 77-GHz radar systems in detecting bicyclists on the road. The design objective of the surrogate bicycle is to produce similar optical appearance and radar response in a 76-78 GHz band as a real bicycle selected based on its popularity (in 2014) in the United States. In addition, the surrogate bicyclist needs to be able to withstand the impact of the test vehicle traveling at 30 mph (or 48 kph) should it fail to detect the surrogate target. Our design approach differs from the only other surrogate bicyclist developed by a European research group in that our surrogate bicyclist produces similar radar response as a real bicyclist over the entire 360° of azimuth angles. Our design approach began with experimental characterizing the radar cross section (RCS) patterns of real bikes of different types as well as identifying RCS contributions of different parts on a bike via accurate simulations, which were also used for design optimizations. The RCS performance of the fabricated surrogate bicycle was verified via 360° azimuth pattern measurement comparison with a real bicycle. Its physical performance was tested via actual field testing on a test track with two commercial vehicles equipped with AEB and PCS systems.
  • 45.

    【24hr】Visualization of Driving Behavior Based on Hidden Feature Extraction by Using Deep Learning

    包量

    机译 深度学习基于隐藏特征提取的驾驶行为可视化
    摘要：In this paper, we propose a visualization method for driving behavior that helps people to recognize distinctive driving behavior patterns in continuous driving behavior data. Driving behavior can be measured using various types of sensors connected to a control area network. The measured multi-dimensional time series data are called driving behavior data. In many cases, each dimension of the time series data is not independent of each other in a statistical sense. For example, accelerator opening rate and longitudinal acceleration are mutually dependent. We hypothesize that only a small number of hidden features that are essential for driving behavior are generating the multivariate driving behavior data. Thus, extracting essential hidden features from measured redundant driving behavior data is a problem to be solved to develop an effective visualization method for driving behavior. In this paper, we propose using deep sparse autoencoder (DSAE) to extract hidden features for visualization of driving behavior. Based on the DSAE, we propose a visualization method called a driving color map by mapping the extracted 3-D hidden feature to the red green blue (RGB) color space. A driving color map is produced by placing the colors in the corresponding positions on the map. The subjective experiment shows that feature extraction method based on the DSAE is effective for visualization. In addition, its performance is also evaluated numerically by using pattern recognition method. We also provide examples of applications that use driving color maps in practical problems. In summary, it is shown the driving color map based on DSAE facilitates better visualization of driving behavior.
  • 46.

    【24hr】A Data-Driven and Optimal Bus Scheduling Model With Time-Dependent Traffic and Demand

    包量

    机译 具有时变交通和需求的数据驱动和最优公交调度模型
    摘要：Urban bus companies have collected a tremendous amount of travel data from passengers in the past years. In spite of great value for bus schedule optimization, these data have not been fully exploited. In this paper, we leverage hundreds of millions of bus transaction records, generated when passengers board and alight, to infer time-dependent traffic and customer demand. When the traffic and demand information are available, we build an optimal model to schedule the departure time of each bus service with the objective of minimizing the average waiting time. Experimental results show that compared with the existing bus scheduling system, our model can help reduce the waiting time by a wide margin.
  • 47.

    【24hr】A MPTCP-Based Network Architecture for Intelligent Train Control and Traffic Management Operations

    包量

    机译 基于MPTCP的网络架构，用于智能列车控制和交通管理运营
    摘要：This paper investigates a novel communication system architecture for traffic management and data control in railway scenarios. The proposed solution should be integrated in the existing European Railway Traffic Management System/European Train Control System, the most advanced and successful standard even outside the European countries. Our system integrates public land mobile networks that usually offer best-effort packet services, with a quality-of-service (QoS) guaranteed satellite network. It represents a cost-effective substitution for 4G and 5G networks, aiming to replace current well-known GSM-R standard. The coexistence of heterogeneous networks is guaranteed by the multi-path transmission control protocol (TCP) protocol that addresses specific “add and drop” subflow policies and priority handling logics, in order to realize efficient seamless handovers. Providing priority to TCP subflows corresponds to select QoS-guaranteed, and the best effort networks able to fulfill railway requirements. The logic of adding and dropping subflows exploits both a real-time check of the current status of the serving network and “a priori” network performance information. Experimental results have been carried out in both city and harsh environments, where the main performance metrics (i.e., average delay, jitter, and bit rate) have been assessed.
  • 48.

    【24hr】A Simulator Study Comparing Characteristics of Manual and Automated Driving During Lane Changes of Long Combination Vehicles

    包量

    机译 大型组合车换道时手动驾驶和自动驾驶特性比较的仿真器研究
    摘要：This paper presents a back-to-back performance comparison of lane-change maneuvers using two automated driving approaches and manual driving. The lane changes were conducted in a moving-base truck driving simulator using an A-double long combination vehicle. One of the automated driving approaches was based on driver model control and the other used optimization-based control. The comparison addresses lane change and braking, both initiation and execution, from the perspective of driver behavior and defined characteristic variables. We also discuss combined braking and steering behavior using a moderately safety-critical lane-change scenario. The purpose of this paper is to improve driving automation in early development by comparing and learning from professional truck drivers to enable higher driver acceptance.
  • 49.

    【24hr】Bluetooth Data in an Urban Context: Retrieving Vehicle Trajectories

    包量

    机译 城市环境中的蓝牙数据：检索车辆轨迹
    摘要：Bluetooth sensors have recently been developed throughout the world for traffic information gathering. Primarily designed for travel time analysis, this article presents a method for vehicular trajectories retrieval. After a short description of some of the challenges at hand in using Bluetooth data in an urban network, a procedure to extract trip information from such data is proposed. It is further analyzed and illustrated at work on a real dataset collected in Brisbane. Last, this article shows that using spatially constrained shortest path analysis, this trip information, once extracted, can be used for the reconstruction of the trajectories. The performance of the process is assessed using both a simulated dataset and one from the real-world acquired in Brisbane, showing encouraging results, with up to 84% of accurately recovered trajectories.
  • 50.

    【24hr】Distributed Classification of Urban Congestion Using VANET

    包量

    机译 基于VANET的城市拥堵分布式分类
    摘要：Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) can efficiently detect traffic congestion, but detection is not enough, because congestion can be further classified as recurrent and non-recurrent congestion (NRC). In particular, NRC in an urban network is mainly caused by incidents, work zones, special events, and adverse weather. We propose a framework for the real-time distributed classification of congestion into its components on a heterogeneous urban road network using VANET. We present models built on an understanding of the spatial and temporal causality measures and trained on synthetic data extended from a real case study of Cologne. Our performance evaluation shows a predictive accuracy of 87.63% for the deterministic classification tree, 88.83% for the nave Bayesian classifier, 89.51% for random forest, and 89.17% for the boosting technique. This framework can assist transportation agencies in reducing urban congestion by developing effective congestion mitigation strategies knowing the root causes of congestion.
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