Personal Jurisdiction in Cyberspace: Where Does It Begin, and Where Does It End?

摘要

Despite inconsistent opinions in the US courts and a lack of consensus as to which test to apply in determining the territorial limits of a defendant's online activities, a few core principles exist across the board.rnRegardless of whether a particular jurisdiction follows the Zippo sliding scale test, the Calder effects test, or a totality test, in all instances facts demonstrating how a Web site targets a particular forum are always carefully considered. For instance, does the Web site under consideration list specific jurisdictions where shipments are made or will not be made?