On malicious implants in PCBs throughout the supply chain

摘要

The PCB supply chain has become globally distributed such that PCBs are vulnerable to hardware Trojan attacks. Moreover, attacks on PCBs are possible even after a system is deployed. Various countermeasures have been proposed and efforts to develop board-level Trojan benchmarks are underway, but IC Trojan taxonomies do not capture important characteristics of PCB implants. This work surveys existing PCB countermeasures and examples of board-level Trojans to inform a new taxonomy suited for PCB Trojans. Our taxonomy reflects practically significant characteristics of board-level Trojans to guide development of board-level countermeasures and fair, comprehensive benchmark suites.