A thermistor anemometer for low-flow-rate measurements

摘要

A digital anemometer using a self-heated thermistor as a probe has been developed for low-flow-rate measurements. To enhance the probe sensitivity to flow rate while reducing convection due to self-heating to a minimum, the thermistor is kept at the lowest possible temperature for exhibiting the negative resistance. The heat removed from the thermistor is analyzed and compared with the measured results, to derive the characteristic function which relates the voltage across the thermistor to the flow rate and temperature. This function is transformed from the flow-rate domain to the time domain by the digital waveform synthesis. The carrier signal thus generated is pulse-width-modulated by the output of the probe to provide the digital representation of the flow rate under measurement. The cross-sensitivity of the probe to the fluid temperature is compensated by scaling the carrier amplitude. This process of quantization including linearization and compensation functions makes a high-accuracy, flow-rate measurement possible with a simple configuration.