The history of apartheid and its impact upon the majority of black citizens of South Africa is well known worldwide. This was a regime which deliberately and methodically excluded the majority of South Africans from participation in the economy. It did this in a variety of ways: by restricting land ownership, by depriving people of property, by providing inferior education and restricting access to higher education, by designating higher-level jobs for whites only, by limiting black business licenses to poorer black areas - the list goes on. Hence it cannot be a surprise to anyone that with the political liberation of South Africa into a full democracy in 1994, the demands of liberty and justice require some form of remedial action in the economy in the interests of equity and fairness. In South Africa this is called Black Economic Empowerment (BEE).
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