Linguistic Constraints and Long-before-short Tendency

摘要

Speakers of head-final languages with flexible word-order such as Japanese and Korean show the Long-before-short (LbS) tendency, a tendency to place a long phrase before a short phrase in a sentence. However, the frequency to scramble a long phrase before a short phrase varies across sentence structures (Kondo & Yamashita 2011; Yamashita & Chang, 2001), suggesting that the phrase-ordering in languages may be guided by multiple principles. Using the Corpus of Spontaneous Japanese (CSJ), the LbS tendency across different types of structures and the global/local production load of LbS sentences were examined. The LbS tendency in terms of frequency was observed only in the low-canonical structure. Global production load, as measured by the frequency of fillers (filled pauses), was such that only in high-canonical structure was SbL higher than LbS. Only in the high-canonical structure speakers showed advance planning. The overall results indicate that speakers' production processes are adjusted according to how strongly the grammar requires speakers to observe a rigid word-order.%日本語や韓国語など語順の制約が比較的少ないヘッドファイナル（head－final）言語では話者が長い節を文中で短い節の前に発話するというLong－befbre－Short（LbS）語順傾向がある．しかし長い節を短い節の前に置くかき混ぜ文の頻度が文型によって異なる（Kondo＆Yamashita，2011；Yamashita＆Chang，2001）．このことは言語の産出には複数の言語的制約が関与していることを示唆する．本研究では日本語話し言葉コーパス（CSJ）を用い規範性が高い文型と低い文型の全体的／部分的な文産出負荷を検証した．出現頻度によるLbS傾向は規範性の低い文型にだけみられた。フィラーの出現頻度による文全体の産出負荷は規範性の高い文型のSbLにのみ見られた。また規範性の高い文型にのみ、直後の節の後まで計画する傾向が見られた．このことから産出過程は文法の制約の強さに対応して変化することが示唆される。