Modeling and underwater characterization of cymbal transducers andarrays

摘要

The cymbal is a miniaturized class V flextensional transducer thatnwas developed for potential use as a shallow water sound projector andnreceiver. Single elements are characterized by high Q, low efficiency,nand medium power output capability. Its low cost and thin profile allownthe transducer to be assembled into large flexible arrays. Efforts werenmade to model both single element and transducer arrays by couplingnfinite element analysis (ATILA) and the integral equation formulationn(EQI). The pressure and velocity distributions on the surface elementsnwere calculated by ATILA and later used with EQI to calculate the farnheld properties of the transducer element and arrays. It eliminates thenmesh of the fluid domain and makes the 3-D model of a transducernpossible. Three-dimensional models of a cymbal transducer and an3×3 cymbal array were developed in the modeling. Very goodnagreement was obtained between modeling and measurement for singlenelement transducers. By coupling finite element analysis with thenintegral equation method using boundary elements, acoustic interactionneffects were taken into account. Reasonable agreement was obtainednbetween calculation and measurement for a 3×3 array