A microwave nonlinear circuit analysis technique which can account for all known steady-state responses has been developed and applied to the large-signal characterization of directly modulation laser diodes. An equivalent circuit derived from the rate equations is used to model the laser diode. The proposed technique is based on a harmonic balance algorithm which represents two-tone inputs by describing frequencies. Second-harmonic and third-order intermodulation distortion results for a single-mode GaAlAs diode have been compared with corresponding measured data to validate the method. Aperiodic responses are detected by means of bifurcation theory prior to the harmonic balance analysis and are simulated in the time domain. Simulated results are shown to agree well with published measurements, and indicate the capability of using this approach for the computer-aided design of microwave fiber-optic transmitters.
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