Impact of road-generated storm runoff on a small catchment response

摘要

The impact of road-generated runoff on the hydrological response of a zero-order basin was monitored for a sequence of 24 storm events. The study was conducted in a zero-order basin (C1; 0.5ha) with an unpaved mountain road; an adjacent unroaded zero-order basin (C2; 0.2 ha) with similar topography and lithology was used to evaluate the hydrological behaviour of the affected zero-order basin prior to construction of the road. The impact of the road at the zero-order basin scale was highly dependent on the antecedent soil-moisture conditions, total storm precipitation, and to some extent rainfall intensity. At the beginning of the monitoring period, during dry antecedent conditions, road runoff contributed 50% of the total runoff and 70% of the peak flow from the affected catchment (C1). The response from the unroaded catchment was almost insignificant during dry antecedent conditions. As soil moisture increased, the road exerted less influence on the total runoff from the roaded catchment. For very wet conditions, the influence of road-generated runoff on total outflow from the roaded catchment diminished to only 5.4%). Both catchments, roaded and unroaded, produced equivalent amount of outflow during very wet antecedent conditions on a unit area basis. The lag time between the rainfall and runoff peaks observed in the unroaded catchment during the monitoring period ranged from 0 to 4 h depending on the amount of precipitation and antecedent conditions, owing mainly to much slower subsurface flow pathways in the unroaded zero-order basin. In contrast, the lag time in the roaded zero-order basin was virtually nil during all storms.